Chapter 5 test outline additions⭐️

What are the two functions of station/work uniforms?

They identify the wearer and provide a layer of protection against direct flame contact.

What type of underwear is recommended under station/work uniforms?

100 percent cotton underwear is recommended.

Why should firefighters avoid non-fire-resistant synthetic materials under PPE?

Materials such as nylon or polyester can melt and stick to the skin when exposed to heat.

What is important to remember about station/work uniforms?

They are fire resistant but are not designed for firefighting operations.

What does NFPA 1975 cover?

Station and work uniforms for emergency services personnel.

What can hydrocarbon contamination do to PPE?

It can reduce the fire resistance of protective clothing and allow contaminated materials to ignite when exposed to fire.

How can contamination affect retroreflective trim?

Contamination can reduce the effectiveness and visibility of retroreflective trim.

When should PPE be inspected?

At the beginning of every work shift, after every use, after washing/repair/decontamination, and periodically such as weekly or monthly.

What types of physical damage should firefighters look for during PPE inspection?

Rips, tears, fraying, damaged stitching, friction wear, charring, melting, discoloration, burn holes, and shrinkage.

What other PPE conditions should be checked during inspection?

Reflective trim, helmet, faceshield, ear flaps/neck shroud, waterproofing, DRD, and the date of manufacture/time in service.

What are the four types of PPE cleaning identified by NFPA 1851?

Routine cleaning, advanced cleaning, specialized cleaning, and contract cleaning.

What is routine cleaning?

Cleaning performed as needed to remove normal dirt and contamination according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

What is advanced cleaning?

A more thorough cleaning performed periodically to remove accumulated grime or contaminants.

What is specialized cleaning?

Cleaning required when PPE has been contaminated with hazardous materials or body fluids that cannot be removed through routine or advanced cleaning.

What is contract cleaning?

Cleaning performed by an outside contractor such as the manufacturer, manufacturer's representative, or certified vendor.

How many sets of structural firefighting PPE are recommended?

Two sets are recommended so one set can be cleaned while the other remains available for use.

What are the three PASS settings?

OFF, ALARM, and SENSING.

What is the PASS pre-alarm?

A warning that activates after approximately 30 seconds of motionlessness and is intended to help prevent false alarms before the full alarm activates.

How loud must a PASS alarm be?

At least 95 dBA.

How long must a PASS alarm operate continuously?

At least one hour.

What is the maximum noise exposure level while riding an apparatus in the United States?

90 dB.

What is the maximum noise exposure level while riding an apparatus in Canada?

85 dB.

What is an oxygen-deficient atmosphere?

An atmosphere containing less than 19.5 percent oxygen.

What happens when oxygen levels decrease to around 18 percent?

Respiratory rate increases and the body begins experiencing effects from reduced oxygen availability.

What is hypoxia?

A condition in which insufficient oxygen reaches the body's tissues.

When should SCBA be worn during overhaul?

SCBA should be worn during overhaul because products of combustion can remain hazardous even after visible smoke and fire conditions have decreased.

What is an atmosphere-supplying respirator (ASR)?

A respirator that supplies breathable air to the user rather than relying on the surrounding atmosphere.

What is an air-purifying respirator (APR)?

A respirator that uses filters, cartridges, or canisters to remove specific contaminants from the surrounding air.

What must occur before a firefighter uses an SCBA facepiece?

The firefighter must be properly fit tested for the specific facepiece.

What type of facepiece must be used during fit testing?

The same make, model, style, and size of facepiece that will be used during emergency operations.

What are the two types of OSHA-recognized respirator fit tests?

Qualitative fit testing and quantitative fit testing.

How often should respirator fit testing occur?

Annually or according to the required testing schedule.

Why is facial hair a problem with SCBA facepieces?

Facial hair that interferes with the sealing surface can prevent the facepiece from forming a proper seal.

What is the problem with eyeglasses and an SCBA facepiece?

Eyeglass side frames cannot pass through the facepiece sealing area because they can interfere with the seal.

What should be done if two SCBA pressure gauges disagree at low pressure?

Assume the lower pressure reading is correct.

What does EOSTI stand for?

End-of-Service-Time Indicator.

What is the purpose of the EOSTI?

It warns the firefighter that the SCBA cylinder is approaching the end of its usable air supply.

At approximately what cylinder capacity do SCBA low-pressure/EOSTI alarms typically activate?

Approximately 33 percent of cylinder capacity.

What types of warnings can an EOSTI provide?

Audible, visual, and/or vibration warnings depending on the SCBA design.

What are wearer limitations that can affect SCBA performance?

Lack of physical conditioning, agility, balance, pulmonary capacity, cardiovascular ability, psychological limitations, and facial characteristics affecting the seal.

What are equipment limitations of SCBA?

Limited peripheral vision, fogging, decreased communication, endurance, mobility, minor leaks, and reduced working time when cylinder pressure is low.

What are the four major methods for donning SCBA?

Over-the-head method, coat method, seat method, and side/rear external or backup mount method.

What should never be done when donning SCBA from a seat-mounted apparatus?

Do not remove the apparatus seat belt to don the SCBA.

What should firefighters never do while the apparatus is moving?

They should never stand to don SCBA or remove their seat belt.

What should a firefighter do with the regulator while seated in the apparatus?

The firefighter should not connect the regulator and breathe cylinder air while seated.

How often should SCBA inspections occur?

Inspections should not be more than one week apart.

Who should perform annual SCBA inspections and inspections after repairs?

Qualified SCBA technicians should perform them.

What SCBA components should be included in an inspection?

The facepiece, backplate and harness, cylinder, hoses, low-pressure alarm, regulator, pressure gauges, and integrated PASS.

What should not be used to dry an SCBA facepiece lens?

Paper towels should not be used because they can scratch the lens.

What should be avoided when cleaning SCBA regulators and low-pressure hoses?

Do not submerge regulators or low-pressure hoses.

What can cause SCBA facepiece fogging?

Temperature differences or a defective or missing nose cup.

What grade of breathing air is required for SCBA cylinders?

Type 1 Grade D breathing air.

When can an SCBA cylinder be filled while worn by a firefighter?

Generally it should not be filled while worn, except under specific RIC emergency circumstances.

What does FBARS stand for?

Firefighter Breathing Air Replenishment System.

What other term may be used for FBARS?

FFARS.

What is the purpose of a FBARS?

It allows firefighters to replenish SCBA breathing air near the fire area.

At what building height do many municipalities require FBARS in newly constructed buildings?

Buildings taller than approximately 75 feet (25 meters).

What should respiratory protection equipment be protected from during storage?

Contamination, temperature changes, and ultraviolet (UV) light.

What should firefighters determine before entering an IDLH atmosphere?

Check cylinder pressure and estimate the point of no return.

What is the point of no return based on?

Air supply, pressure, and the mission objective.

What should firefighters do if they become fatigued while wearing SCBA?

Notify their supervisor and rest before returning to work.

What factors affect SCBA air-supply duration?

Cylinder size, beginning pressure, physical conditioning, task, level of training, operational environment, stress level, and air-management techniques.

Does improved visibility mean an IDLH atmosphere is safe?

No, improved visibility does not mean the atmosphere is safe.

When can firefighters remove SCBA after working in a hazardous atmosphere?

They should continue using SCBA until they reach a confirmed safe atmosphere.

What types of contact should firefighters maintain while working in an IDLH atmosphere?

Physical, voice, or visual contact with their team members.

Is radio contact alone sufficient for firefighters working in an IDLH atmosphere?

No, radio contact alone is not sufficient.

What should firefighters do with their air supply while working in an IDLH atmosphere?

Check and monitor their air supply frequently and exit before the low-air alarm activates.

What are emergency exit indicators?

Low-pressure alarm activation, SCBA failure, withdrawal orders, significant changes in conditions, and indications of new hazards.

What are the three nonemergency exit techniques?

The buddy system, controlled breathing, and using established entry/egress paths.

How many firefighters should normally work together in an IDLH atmosphere?

At least two firefighters should work together.

What is the rule regarding leaving a firefighter alone in an IDLH atmosphere?

Individual firefighters should never be left alone in an IDLH atmosphere.