1.5 - Second Law of Thermodynamics

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7 Terms

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entropy (∆S)

measure of randomness or disorder in a system

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second law of thermodynamics

all changes either directly or indirectly increase the entropy of the universe

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spontaneous reaction

one that, given the necessary activation energy, proceeds without continuous outside assistance

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∆S > 0

volume of a gaseous system increases
temperature of a system increases
physical state of system changes from solid to liquid or liquid to gas
fewer moles of reactants form more moles of products

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Gibbs free energy (G)

the maximum energy available to do useful work (G = H - T*S)

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exergonic

delta G is negative, spontaneous reaction

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endergonic

delta G is positive, non-spontaneous reaction