Acids, Bases, pH, and Buffers Flashcards

Flashcards covering vocabulary terms related to acids, bases, pH, and buffers.

Acidosis

Blood pH < 7.35

Alkalosis

Blood pH > 7.45

Acids

Produce hydronium ions in aqueous solution.

Bases

Produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.

Arrhenius Bases

Ionic compounds containing hydroxide ions.

Brønsted–Lowry Acid

A proton (H+) donor.

Brønsted–Lowry Base

A proton (H+) acceptor.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pair

An acid and its conjugate base, or a base and its conjugate acid.

Strong Acid

Acids that dissociate completely in water to form a conjugate base and hydronium ions.

Strong Base

Completely dissociate in aqueous solution, producing hydroxide ions and cations (conjugate acids).

Weak Acids and Weak Bases

Characterized by little dissociation in water; produce few ions in aqueous solution; are weak electrolytes.

Le Châtelier’s Principle

Reaction shifts in direction that counteracts a disturbance

pH

Measures concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) in aqueous solution.

Kw

Ion-product constant for water

Neutralization Reaction

When an acid is combined with a base, a neutral product is formed.

Polyprotic Acids

Acids with more than one acidic proton.

Buffer

Solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

Acid-Base Homeostasis

Maintained in the blood by buffers, regulation of breathing (lung ventilation), and absorption/release of HCO3 – by kidneys.