Unit 3 starred

Affirmative action

Policies that give extra support or opportunities to groups that have faced discrimination.

Authoritarianism

A system of government where power is concentrated in one leader or small group with limited freedoms.

Censorship

Controlling or restricting information, speech, or media.

Collective rights

Rights held by a group of people rather than individuals.

Controlled participation

A system where citizens can participate in politics, but the government limits their choices or influence.

Consensus decision making

A process where decisions are made through agreement of all or most members.

Consumerism

The belief that buying and using goods is important for economic growth and personal success.

Direct democracy

A system where citizens directly vote on laws and decisions.

Directing discontent

A government strategy of blaming problems on certain groups to control public opinion.

Egalitarian

The belief that all people should have equal rights, opportunities, and status.

Elitism

The belief that a small group of powerful or wealthy people should lead society.

Emergency legislation

Temporary laws created quickly during a crisis.

Enfranchisement

Giving people the right to vote.

Equity

Fairness by providing different levels of support based on people's needs.

Executive, legislative and judicial branches of government

Three branches that separate government power into making, enforcing, and interpreting laws.

Extremism

Holding extreme political or social beliefs that reject moderate views.

First past the post system

An electoral system where the candidate with the most votes wins.

Humanitarianism

The belief in promoting human welfare and helping others.

Illiberalism

A system where elections exist but individual rights and freedoms are limited.

Individual rights

Rights belonging to each person, such as freedom of speech and equality.

Indoctrination

Teaching beliefs in a way that discourages questioning or criticism.

Internment

The imprisonment of people without a normal trial, often during emergencies.

Language legislation

Laws that regulate the use or protection of languages.

Lobby

An organized group that tries to influence government decisions.

Military dictatorship

A government controlled by military leaders.

Miranda rights

Rights given to people arrested in the U.S., including the right to remain silent and have a lawyer.

Notwithstanding Clause

A part of the Canadian Charter that allows governments to temporarily override certain rights.

Oligarchy

A government controlled by a small group of powerful people.

Party solidarity

When members of a political party support the party’s decisions and policies.

Proportional representation

An electoral system where seats are given based on the percentage of votes received.

Regional representation

Ensuring different geographic areas have a voice in government.

Representative democracy

A system where citizens elect representatives to make decisions for them.

Terrorism

The use of violence or threats to create fear and achieve political goals.

Tyranny of the majority

When the majority uses its power to unfairly limit minority rights.

Viability

The ability of something to work successfully or continue to exist.

White Paper

A government document explaining proposed policies or ideas.

Red Paper - Citizens Plus

A document supporting Indigenous rights and arguing for recognition of Indigenous peoples’ role in Canada.