special senses

taste buds

appearance of onion, located on edges of tongue papillae, gustatory cells

taste types

1. sour

2. salty

3. biter

4. sweet

5. umami

glossopharyngeal nerve IX

carries taste sensations from posterior tongue

vagus nerve X

carries a few fibers for taste sensation from tongue and epiglottis

papillae

elevations on tongue surface

olfaction

smell

primary odors

1. camphorous (mothballs)

2. musky

3. floral

4. pepperminty

5. ethereal (fresh pear)

6. pungent

7. putrid

eyelashes

double/triple rows of hairs, sweat glands empty into hair follicles, meobomian glands produce sebum

eyebrows

shade eyes and inhibit sweat from entering eye

conjunctiva

thin transparent mucous membrane, moistens eye and nourish sclera

lacrimal fluid

made of water, NA ions, antibodies, lysozyme (antibacterial enzyme) that lubricates, cleanses and moistens eye, nourishes cornea

lacrimal gland

produces fluid and secretes it through ducts

lacrimal apparatus

fluid drains into lacrimal puncta, to lacrimal canaliculus, draining to lacrimal sac, then draining to nasolacrimal duct (tears)