Lymphatic System and Blood MCQs

Flashcards with questions and answers based on Lymphatic System and Blood MCQs.

Which of the following is not a lymphatic organ?

Liver

The fluid transported by lymphatic vessels is called:

Lymph - a clear to milky fluid containing white blood cells and proteins, derived from interstitial fluid and returned to the bloodstream.

Where are lymph nodes most densely clustered?

Cervical, axillary, inguinal regions

Which lymphatic organ filters blood and removes old red blood cells?

Spleen

- The spleen is a large lymphatic organ located in the upper left abdomen. Its primary functions include filtering the blood by removing old or damaged red blood cells and platelets, storing blood, and playing a role in immune responses by housing lymphocytes and macrophages. It also helps to fight certain kinds of bacteria that cause pneumonia and meningitis.

The thymus is most active during:

Infancy and childhood when

it produces T-cells and supports the development of the immune system.

Which vessel returns lymph to the bloodstream?

Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.

Which of the following produces lymphocytes?

Red bone marrow

is the primary site of hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation. This includes the production of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell crucial for the adaptive immune response. Within the red bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into lymphoid progenitor cells, which then mature into various types of lymphocytes, including B cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. These lymphocytes are essential for recognizing and eliminating pathogens and abnormal cells in the body.

Which tonsils are located at the back of the throat?

Palatine tonsils, commonly referred to as the "palatine tonsils." They are one of the most prominent tonsil pairs and play a role in the immune response.

The cisterna chyli is:

A sac that collects lymph from the lower body and drains it into the thoracic duct. It acts as a reservoir for lymph before it enters the bloodstream.

Lacteals are specialized lymphatic vessels found in:

Small intestine that absorb dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the gastrointestinal tract.

The primary function of lymph nodes is to:

Filter lymph and trap pathogens and foreign particles, aiding in immune response. They also produce and store lymphocytes, which are crucial for the body's defense.

The thoracic duct empties into the:

Left subclavian vein

Which structure contains a hilum for vessels to enter and exit?

Lymph node, allowing the entry and exit of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and nerves.

Which lymphoid organ atrophies after puberty?

Thymus

Which cells are primarily found in lymph nodes?

Lymphocytes

Which lymphatic structure is responsible for initiating immune responses to antigens in ingested food?

Peyer's patches found in the small intestine that monitor intestinal bacteria and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from:

Right upper quadrant

Which structure acts as a blood reservoir and filters blood, not lymph?

Spleen The spleen is an organ that serves multiple functions, including filtering blood, recycling iron, and storing blood in case of emergencies. It plays a crucial role in the immune response by producing lymphocytes.

Lymphatic vessels are similar in structure to:

Veins

The smallest lymphatic vessels are called:

Lymphatic capillaries

The primary function of the lymphatic system is to:

Maintain fluid balance and immunity

Lymph is formed from:

Interstitial fluid

Which type of immunity is provided by T cells?

Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity

Antibodies are produced by:

B cells

Which is the first line of defense in the immune system?

Skin and mucous membranes

Which immunoglobulin is found in secretions like saliva and tears?

IgA is an antibody that plays a crucial role in mucosal immunity, helping to protect against pathogens.

Which immune cells directly kill virus-infected cells?

Cytotoxic T cells are a subtype of T lymphocytes that recognize and destroy infected cells.

Which blood type is the universal donor?

O– is considered the universal donor because it has no A or B antigens, making it compatible with all blood types in transfusions.

Which protein is responsible for blood clotting?

Fibrinogen is a plasma protein that is converted into fibrin during the coagulation process, forming a mesh that helps seal wounds and stop bleeding.

Which of the following is not a formed element in blood?

Plasma is the liquid component of blood, while formed elements include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

The majority of CO₂ is transported in blood as:

Bicarbonate ions HCO₃⁻ ions, which form when CO₂ reacts with water in the blood.

What component of blood is responsible for carrying oxygen?

Hemoglobinis the protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and facilitates its transport throughout the body.

Which leukocyte is most abundant in blood?

Neutrophil is the most abundant type of white blood cell in the bloodstream, playing a key role in the body's immune response.

Hemostasis refers to:

Blood clotting process that prevents bleeding and maintains blood vessel integrity.

Which organ produces most plasma proteins?

Liver is the primary organ responsible for the synthesis of most plasma proteins, including albumin and clotting factors.

Which cells are responsible for producing platelets?

Megakaryocytes in the bone marrow are responsible for producing platelets, which are crucial for clotting and wound healing.

Which type of immunity is achieved through vaccination?

Artificial active

A high eosinophil count may indicate:

Parasitic infection or allergy reaction, as eosinophils are involved in the body's response to these conditions.

Which hormone regulates RBC production?

Erythropoietin is a hormone produced primarily by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Lymph returns to the bloodstream through the:

Subclavian veins that drain lymph into the circulatory system.

Anemia is defined as:

Low hemoglobin or RBCs

Leukemia is a cancer of:

White blood cells that affects the body’s ability to produce normal blood cells and fight infections.

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease of the lymphatic system?

Lupus is considered an autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs and systems in the body, including the lymphatic system.

Lymphedema refers to:

Swelling due to blocked lymphatics

Which condition involves cancer of the lymphatic system?

Hodgkin lymphoma

is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells.

Which of the following is a clotting disorder?

Hemophilia

is a genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, leading to excessive bleeding.

Iron-deficiency anemia results from:

Low iron for hemoglobin synthesis

leading to reduced red blood cell production.

Which condition is characterized by abnormal RBC shape (sickle-shaped)?

Sickle cell anemia

Sepsis is:

A systemic infection in the bloodstream

Which of the following causes infectious mononucleosis?

Epstein-Barr virus

or human herpesvirus 4

Which sign is typical in leukemia?

High abnormal WBCs

Which type of lymphoma has Reed-Sternberg cells?

Hodgkin lymphoma
is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large, abnormal lymphocytes.

Thrombocytopenia is a condition of:

Low platelet count

in the blood, leading to increased risk of bleeding and bruising.

Polycythemia vera is characterized by:

High RBC count

in the blood, often leading to increased blood viscosity and a higher risk of thrombosis.

Allergic reactions commonly increase:

Eosinophils in response to allergens, leading to inflammation and symptoms such as itching and swelling.

Aplastic anemia affects:

All blood cell types due to failure of the bone marrow to produce sufficient blood cells.

Which of the following can cause lymphedema?

Blockage of lymphatics causing swelling, due to surgery, radiation, infection, or conditions.

Hemolysis refers to:

Red blood cell destruction.

An overproduction of WBCs typically indicates:

Infection or leukemia

Which blood disorder is genetic and affects hemoglobin synthesis?

Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder that results in reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia.