1.3 Computer Networks, Connections and Protocols - OCR Computer Science J277

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Last updated 12:10 PM on 4/12/26
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46 Terms

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Computer Network

A collection of computing devices connected so that they can communicate and share resources

<p>A collection of computing devices connected so that they can communicate and share resources</p>
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Wireless

A network connection made without physical wires

<p>A network connection made without physical wires</p>
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Node (host)

Any addressable device attached to a network

<p>Any addressable device attached to a network</p>
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Data transfer rate (bandwidth)

The speed at which data is moved from one place to another on a network

<p>The speed at which data is moved from one place to another on a network</p>
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Protocol

A set of rules that defines how data is formatted and processed on a network, rules for communication.

<p>A set of rules that defines how data is formatted and processed on a network, rules for communication.</p>
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Client / Server

A distributed approach in which a client makes requests of a server and the server responds

<p>A distributed approach in which a client makes requests of a server and the server responds</p>
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File Server

A computer dedicated to storing and managing files for network users

<p>A computer dedicated to storing and managing files for network users</p>
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Web Server

A computer dedicated to responding to requests for web pages

<p>A computer dedicated to responding to requests for web pages</p>
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Peer to Peer

A decentralized approach that shares resources and responsibilities among many "peer" computers

<p>A decentralized approach that shares resources and responsibilities among many "peer" computers</p>
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Local Area Network (LAN)

A network connecting a small number of nodes in a close geographic area

<p>A network connecting a small number of nodes in a close geographic area</p>
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Ring topology

A LAN configuration in which all nodes are connected in a closed loop

<p>A LAN configuration in which all nodes are connected in a closed loop</p>
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Star Topology

A LAN configuration in which a central node controls all message traffic

<p>A LAN configuration in which a central node controls all message traffic</p>
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Bus Topology

A LAN configuration in which all nodes share a common line

<p>A LAN configuration in which all nodes share a common line</p>
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Ethernet

The industry standard for local area networks, based on a bus technology

<p>The industry standard for local area networks, based on a bus technology</p>
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Wide area network (WAN)

A network connecting two or more local area networks

<p>A network connecting two or more local area networks</p>
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Internet

A wide area network that spans the planet

<p>A wide area network that spans the planet</p>
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Wireless Network

A network in which devices communicate with other nodes through a wireless access point

<p>A network in which devices communicate with other nodes through a wireless access point</p>
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Bluetooth

A technology used for wireless communications over short distances

<p>A technology used for wireless communications over short distances</p>
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Internet Service Provider (ISP)

An organization providing access to the internet

<p>An organization providing access to the internet</p>
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Phone Modem

A device that converts computer data into an analogue audio signal and back again

<p>A device that converts computer data into an analogue audio signal and back again</p>
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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

An internet connection made using a digital signal on regular phone lines

<p>An internet connection made using a digital signal on regular phone lines</p>
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Cable Modem

A device that allows computer network communication using the cable TV hookup in a home

<p>A device that allows computer network communication using the cable TV hookup in a home</p>
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Broadband

Network technologies that generally provide data transfer speeds greater than 256 Kbps

<p>Network technologies that generally provide data transfer speeds greater than 256 Kbps</p>
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Download

Receiving data on a local computer from the internet

<p>Receiving data on a local computer from the internet</p>
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Upload

Sending data from a local computer to a destination on the internet

<p>Sending data from a local computer to a destination on the internet</p>
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Packet

A unit of data sent across a network

<p>A unit of data sent across a network</p>
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Packet Switching

The approach to network communication in which packets are individually routed to their destination, then reassembled

<p>The approach to network communication in which packets are individually routed to their destination, then reassembled</p>
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Router

A network device that directs a packet between networks toward its final destination

<p>A network device that directs a packet between networks toward its final destination</p>
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Repeater

A network device that strengthens and propagates a signal along a long communication line

<p>A network device that strengthens and propagates a signal along a long communication line</p>
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Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model

A seven layer logical breakdown of network interaction to facilitate communication standards

<p>A seven layer logical breakdown of network interaction to facilitate communication standards</p>
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Protocol Stack

Layers of protocols that build and rely on each other

<p>Layers of protocols that build and rely on each other</p>
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

The network protocol that breaks messages into packets, reassembles them at the destination, and takes care of errors

<p>The network protocol that breaks messages into packets, reassembles them at the destination, and takes care of errors</p>
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Internet Protocol (IP)

The network protocol that deals with the routing of packets through interconnected networks to the final destination

<p>The network protocol that deals with the routing of packets through interconnected networks to the final destination</p>
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TCP / IP

A suite of protocols and programs that support low level network communication

<p>A suite of protocols and programs that support low level network communication</p>
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Traceroute

A program that shows the route a packet takes across the internet

<p>A program that shows the route a packet takes across the internet</p>
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Firewall

A gateway machine and software that protects a network by filtering the traffic it allows

<p>A gateway machine and software that protects a network by filtering the traffic it allows</p>
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IP Address

An network address made up of denary values separated by dots that uniquely identifies a computer on the internet. 2 version ipV4 and ipV6

<p>An network address made up of denary values separated by dots that uniquely identifies a computer on the internet. 2 version ipV4 and ipV6</p>
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Domain Name

The part of a hostname that specifies a specific organization or group

<p>The part of a hostname that specifies a specific organization or group</p>
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Domain Squatting

Purchasing a domain name with the sole intent of selling it at a high price to a person or organization that actually wants to use it

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Domain Name System

A distributed system for managing hostname resolution

<p>A distributed system for managing hostname resolution</p>
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Domain Name Server

A computer that attempts to translate a hostname into an IP address

<p>A computer that attempts to translate a hostname into an IP address</p>
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Network Neutrality

The principle that ISPs should deliver data to everyone equally, as fast as the technology allows.

<p>The principle that ISPs should deliver data to everyone equally, as fast as the technology allows.</p>
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Cloud Computing

A service that provides storage space and other resources on the internet

<p>A service that provides storage space and other resources on the internet</p>
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MAC address

The physical address of each device on a LAN, given in Hexadecimal

<p>The physical address of each device on a LAN, given in Hexadecimal</p>
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Bandwidth

Bandwidth refers to the theoretical rate of speed that data on your network can travel, which is probably a speed you won't see very often.

<p>Bandwidth refers to the theoretical rate of speed that data on your network can travel, which is probably a speed you won't see very often.</p>
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Throughput

The rate of speed that data on your network travels.