Part 2.1 - Autonomic Drugs - Anatomy and Physiology of the ANS

Proverbs 16:3

e. b and c

Autonomic nervous system:

a) Subdivision of peripheral EFFERENT nervous system

b) Control involuntary activity

c) Composed of neurons outside of the CNS

Autonomic nervous system:

a. Subdivision of peripheral afferent nervous system

b. Control involuntary activity

c. Composed of neurons outside of the CNS

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

c. Both true

Afferent Neurons: Sensory- enter the CNS

Efferent Neurons: Motor- leave the CNS

Types of neurons in the peripheral nervous system:

a. Afferent or sensory neurons carry stimulus from sensory organs to brain.

b. Efferent or motor neurons carry response from brain to effector organ.

c. Both true

d. Both false

c. I, II, III, IV

Autonomic nervous system

I) 2-neuron system - CNS & Effector

II) Composed of pre-ganglion (1st neuron), and post- ganglion (2nd neuron)

III) Contains ganglion which is exclusive to ANS

IV) Carries impulses towards the organs that are independent or involuntarily moving such cardiac muscles, smooth muscles and exocrine glands

Autonomic nervous system

I. 2-neuron system

II. Composed of pre-ganglion (1st neuron), and post- ganglion (2nd neuron)

III. Contains ganglion which is exclusive to ANS

IV.Carries impulses towards the organs that are independent or involuntarily moving such cardiac muscles, smooth muscles and exocrine glands

a. I, III

b. II, IV

c. I, II, III, IV

d. II, III, IV

e. I, II, III

a. Pre-ganglion

Ganglion of ANS near the brain.

a. Pre-ganglion

b. Post-ganglion

b. Post-ganglion

Ganglion of ANS near the effector organ.

a. Pre-ganglion

b. Post-ganglion

b. False - Ganglion is exclusive to ANS

Ganglion is exclusive to CNS.

a. True

b. False

f. All

Site where ANS can be found:

a. Smooth muscles

b. Cardiac muscles

c. Exocrine glands

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Synapse (between 2 neurons; between a neuron and an effector)

Spaces between two neurons.

a. Synapse

b. Cleft

c. Mid-neuron

d. All

f. I, II, IV

III) CONTAIN enzyme for metabolism of neurotransmitters.

Pre synapse:

I. Sending cell

II. Site for the synthesis, storage and release of neurotransmitter

III. Do not contain enzyme

IV. Contain autoreceptors which are inhibitory receptors

a. I, III

b. II, IV

c. I, II, III, IV

d. II, III, IV

e. I, II, III

f. I, II, IV

e. None

Occur in pre-synapse except:

a. Synthesis of NT

b. Storage of NT

c. Release of NT

d. Metabolism of NT

e. None

f. All

c. Both true

Pre-synapse:

a. Storage of enzyme in pre-synapse is through vesicle.

b. Release of enzyme from pre-synapse is through exocytosis.

c. Both true

d. Both false

a. True

Synaptic cleft contains enzyme for metabolism of neurotransmitters.

a. True

b. False

d. a and b

Post synapse:

a) Receiving cell

b) Contains enzyme for metabolism of NT

c) Majority of enzyme are for STIMULATORY response

Post synapse:

a. Receiving cell

b. Contains enzyme for metabolism of NT

c. Majority of enzyme are for inhibitor response

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. True

Synaptic transmission describe the mechanism of impulse across the synapse.

a. True

b. False

b. Neurotransmitters

___carries information from the pre-synaptic-sending-neuron to the post-synaptic-receiving-cell

a. Hormones
b. Neurotransmitters
c. Enzymes
d. Platelets

a. Cell body or dendrites

Synapses are usually formed between nerve terminals and the ________ of the receiving neuron.

a. Cell body or dendrites
b. Cell wall
c. Nucleus
d. Ribosomes

b. Branches

A single axon can have multiple branches, allowing it to make synapses on various postsynaptic cells.

A single axon can have multiple ________.

a. Membranes
b. Branches
c. Nuclei
d. Vesicles

c. Presynaptic-sending-neurons

A single neuron can receive thousands of synaptic inputs from many different ________.

a. Axon terminals
b. Postsynaptic cells
c. Presynaptic-sending-neurons
d. Cell membranes

b. Synaptic vesicles

Inside the axon terminal are many ________.

a. Mitochondria
b. Synaptic vesicles
c. Ribosomes
d. Lysosomes

c. Neurotransmitter

Synaptic vesicles are filled with ________ molecules.

a. Protein
b. Lipid
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Glucose

b. Synaptic cleft

The small gap between neurons is called the ________.

a. Axon terminal
b. Synaptic cleft
c. Dendrite
d. Cell body

c. 45632178

Synaptic transmission process:

1- Neurotransmitter is released via exocytosis

2- Vesicles move to membrane and dock

3- Ca2+ signals to neurotransmitter vesicle

4- Action potential arrives at axon terminal.

5- Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open.

6- Ca2+ enters the presynaptic neuron.

7- Neurotransmitter bind to receptors.

8- Signal is initiated in postsynaptic cell.

a. 45631278

b. 45631287

c. 45632178

d. 45632187

c. calcium

When an action potential, or nerve impulse, arrives at the axon terminal, it activates voltage-gated __________ channels in the cell membrane.

a. sodium
b. potassium
c. calcium
d. chloride

b. neurotransmitter

The Ca2+ allows synaptic vesicles to fuse with the axon terminal membrane, releasing __________ into the synaptic cleft.

a. oxygen
b. neurotransmitter
c. glucose
d. protein

c. ion

Activation of postsynaptic receptors leads to the opening or closing of ion channels in the cell membrane. This may be depolarizing make the inside of the cell more positive or hyperpolarizing make the inside of the cell more negative depending on the ions involved.

Activation of postsynaptic receptors leads to the opening or closing of __________ channels in the cell membrane.

a. water
b. lipid
c. ion
d. protein

c. I, II, IV, V

Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System:

I) Thoracolumbar Nervous System

II) Thoraco: T1-T12 and Lumbar:L1-L5

III) SHORTER pre-ganglion, LONGER post-ganglion

IV) Ganglion is near the CNS

V) Contains ACh betwen pre- and post-ganglion.

VI) Contains NE betwen post-ganglion and effector organ

Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System:

I. Thoracolumbar Nervous System

II. Thoraco: T1-T12 and Lumbar:L1-L5

III. Longer pre-ganglion, shorter post-ganglion

IV. Ganglion is near the CNS

V. Contains ACh betwen pre- and post-ganglion.

VI. Contains ACh betwen post-ganglion and effector organ

a. I, III

b. II, IV

c. I, II, IV, V

d. II, III, IV, VI

e. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

f. I, II, IV

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

Craniosacral nervous system

CN: 3,7,9,10 and Sacral: S2-S4

a. Sympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

Longer pre-ganglion, shorter post-ganglion

a. Sympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

Ganglion is near the effector organ.

a. Sympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

Contains ACh betwen pre- and post-ganglion and also betwen post-ganglion and effector organ.

a. Sympathetic nervous system

b. Parasympathetic nervous system

a. Nicotinic Neural (NN)

Same lang Nicotinic ang Sympathetic NS at Parasympathetic NS

Receptor at the ganglion of sympathetic neurons.

a. Nicotinic Neural (NN)

b. a1

c. b1, b2

d. Muscarinic

e. b and c

f. a and c

a. Nicotinic Neural (NN)

Receptor at the ganglion of parasympathetic neurons.

a. Nicotinic Neural (NN)

b. a

c. b1, b2

d. Muscarinic

e. b and c

f. a and d

f. b, c and d

Receptor at the effector of sympathetic neurons.

a. Nicotinic Neural

b. a

c. b1, b2

d. Dopa

e. Muscarinic

f. b, c and d

g. a and d

f. a and d

Receptor at the effector of parasympathetic neurons.

a. Nicotinic Neural

b. a

c. b1, b2

d. Muscarinic

e. b and c

f. a and d

f. All

Sympathetic NS

a. Adrenergic NS

b. Dominates during stress

c. Fight and flight

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Parasympathetic NS

a. Cholinergic NS

b. Dominates basal

c. Rest and digest

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. I, III, IV, V, VI

Effects of activated sympathetic NS

I) Heart: Tachycardia

II) Eyes: MYDRIASIS

III) Bronchi: Reduced tone, Dilation

IV) GIT: Ileus (loss of peristalsis)

V) Urinary bladder: Urinary retention

VI) Sweat glands: Apocrine, sweating of palms and soles

Effects of activated sympathetic NS

I. Heart: Tachycardia

II. Eyes: Miosis

III. Bronchi: Reduced tone, Dilation

IV. GIT: Ileus (loss of peristalsis)

V. Urinary bladder: Urinary retention

VI. Sweat glands: Apocrine, sweating of palms and soles

a. I, III

b. II, IV

c. I, II, IV, V

d. II, III, IV, VI

e. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

f. I, III, IV, V, VI

e. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

Effects of activated parasympathetic NS:

I) Heart: Bradycardia

II) Eyes: Miosis

III) Bronchi: Increased tone, constriction

IV) GIT: Bowel movement, diarrhea

V) Urinary bladder: Urination, micturition, enuresis

VI) Sweat glands: Eccrine, generalized sweating for thermoregulation

Effects of activated parasympathetic NS:

I. Heart: Bradycardia

II. Eyes: Miosis

III. Bronchi: Increased tone, constriction

IV. GIT: Bowel movement, diarrhea

V. Urinary bladder: Urination, micturition, enuresis

VI. Sweat glands: Eccrine, generalized sweating for thermoregulation

a. I, III

b. II, IV

c. I, II, IV, V

d. II, III, IV, VI

e. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

f. I, III, IV, V, VI