Test 3 morphology

Embryology

The study of the structure of the of the formation and development of an embryo and fetus

Histology

The study of the structure and function of tissues on a microscopic level

Stomodeum

Depression in the ectoderm of the oral region of a young embryo, which develops into the mouth and oral cavity

Exofoliation

the normal process of shedding the primary teeth

Succedaneous

permanent teeth that replace the primary (baby) teeth

Proliferate

rapid multiplication of cells that occurs during tooth development

Prenatal

Stage of human development that starts at pregnancy and ends at birth

Odontogenesis

Process by which teeth form from embryonic cells, grow, and erupt in to the mouth

Odontoblasts

cells that form dentin

Osteoblasts

cells that form bone

Osteoclasts

cells that resorb bone

ameloblasts

cells that form enamel

Germinal period

• Takes place during: First 2 weeks

• Form: zygote (fertilized egg)

• Contains 46 chromosomes

Meiosis

reproductive cell production that ensures the correct number of chromosomes

23 chromosomes from mom and 23 from dad

Embryonic Period

• Takes place during the 3rd-8th the week

• Zygote is now an embryo

• Most critical period since development begins

• Cells begin to proliferate (increase in number), differentiate (change into tissue and organs), integrate

Fetal Period

• Embryo becomes a fetus

• Baby looks more human by significant changes in development

• Baby is not vulnerable to radiation, viruses, and drugs at this stage

Face and oral cavity begin to develop in what period ?

embryonic

Ectoderm (outer layer) has what strucrures

• Skin, Brain, Spinal cord

• Hair, nails

• Enamel of teeth

• lining of oral cavity

Mesoderm (middle layer) has what structures

• Bone, muscles

• Circulatory system

• Kidneys, ducts

• Reproductive system

• Lining of abdominal cavity

• dentin, pulp, and cementum of teeth

Endoderm (inner layer) has what structures

• Lining of digestive system

• lining of lung

• part of urogenital system

The hard and soft palate are formed from the

Primary and Secondary palate

The palate is completed during the

12th week within the fetal period

1st month (in utero)

overhanging forehead

2nd month (in utero)

nose and upper jaw growth

3rd month (in utero)

head is disproportionately large, but baby starts to look human

4th month (in utero)

Face looks human, hard and soft palate differentiate, formation of primary dentition begin

Last trimester

Fat is laid down in cheeks and gives a healthy full term fetus the characteristics round contours

Initiation stage

begins with formation of the dental lamina (band of epithelial tissue that connects the developing tooth bud to the epithelial layer of the mouth. It produces 10 enlargements per arch

Bud stage

Teeth start to occur in this stage (cells multiplying quickly)

Cap stage

the tooth bud grows and transforms into a cap-like shape, driven by unequal cell proliferation

Bell stage

Cells become more stabilized, shape resembles a bell, dental lamina break apart, basic shape and size of each tooth established from top of tooth downward towards future root

Epithelial cells become

ameloblasts

Peripheral cells become

odontoblasts

Inner cells become

cementoblasts

Ameloblasts deposit

enamel

Odontoblasts deposit

dentin

Cementoblasts deposit

cementum

Resportion

the body’s process of eliminating existing bone or hard tissue

Sharpey’s fibers

bundles of collagen fibers that anchor the periosteum to bone and connect the periodontal ligament to both cementum and bone 

Dentin 

• hard portion of the root that surrounds the pulp and is covered by enamel on the crown and by the cementum on the root

• Protects the pulp

Stratified squamous

a tissue with multiple layers of flat cells on the surface that primarily functions to provide protection

What’s the hardest material in the body? 

enamel

Simple squamous

a single layer of thin, flat cells that are ideal for diffusion and filtration

Clincal crown

•THE PORTION OF THE TOOTH THAT IS VISIBLE IN THE MOUTH

•THE PART YOU CAN SEE

Anatomical crown

•THE PORTION OF THE TOOTH THAT IS COVERED WITH ENAMEL

CLINICAL ROOT

THE PART OF THE TOOTH EMBEDDED IN THE  GINGIVA AND SOCKET

Cementum

• COVERS THE ROOT OF THE TOOTH

• ANCHOR THE TOOTH TO THE BONY SOCKET WITH ATTACHMENT FIBERS WITHIN THE PERIODONTIUM

Periapical

the area surrounding the apex (tip) of a tooth's root

Trifurcation

the act or process of dividing into three branches or parts

Bifurcation

the division of something into two branches or parts

Supernumerary are most commonly seen in what arch?

Maxillary Arch