World History- QUIZLET

Luftwaffe

German Air Force

Appeasement

A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war

Potsdam Conference

The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdam, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin

Lend-Lease Act

a law passed in 1941 that allowed the United States to ship arms and other supplies, without immediate payment, to nations fighting the Axis powers

VE Day

May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered

VJ Day

August 15, 1945 - victory in Japan Day when the Japanese surrendered

Anschluss

The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938.

Sudetenland

A region in western Czechoslovakia which Germany wanted to annex, and the other leaders let him believing that would be the end of his demands.

Nazi-Soviet Pact

agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 in which the two nations promised not to fight each other and to divide up land in Eastern Europe; broken by Hitler

Barbarossa

Operation of Blitzkrieg that Hitler unleashed to invade the Soviet Union; resulted in total failure

Maginot Line

A fortification built before World War II to protect France's eastern border from Germany

Manhattan Project

A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb that would later be used to end the war

Major Allied Powers

Britain, France, Russia, United States

Major Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

FDR

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the President of the United States during the Depression and WWII; served from 1933 to 1945 and the only president in U.S. history to be elected to four terms

Douglas MacArthur

American general who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during World War II.

Battle of Britain

An aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance (British victory)

Battle of Dunkirk

the battle on the northern French coast in which Germany defeated France and Britain who were rescued by Allies across the English Channel

D Day

Allied invasion of Normandy, France on June 6, 1944; attacked five beaches and pushed German forces out

Battle of Midway

World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific

Hideki Tojo

This General was the Prime Minister of Japan during WWII?

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII

Neville Chamberlain

This British Prime Minister gave into Hitler; claimed "peace in our time."

Franklin D. Roosevelt

He was President of the United States through most of WWII?

Harry S. Truman

Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb

Dwight D. Eisenhower

He was the General of American Forces and Supreme Allied Commander in Europe

Joseph Stalin

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

Benito Mussolini

Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.

When did WWII start?

September 1, 1939

When was Pearl Harbor attacked?

December 7, 1941

When was D-Day?

June 6, 1944

When was V-E Day?

May 8, 1945

When was V-J Day?

September 2, 1945

Blitzkrieg

"lightning war"—a form of warfare in which surprise attacks with fast-moving airplanes are followed by massive attacks with infantry forces.

Poland

Which country did Germany invade starting WWII?

Pearl Harbor

United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941.

Hiroshima

First city to be bombed by an Atomic Bomb

The Cold War

One of the biggest outcomes of WWII

Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

Communism

a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership

Adolf Hitler

Austrian born Dictator of Germany, caused WWII and Holocoust.

Louis XVI

the king of France whose inexperience caused the spark that ignited the revolution. He ruled with an absolute monarchy.

Tennis Court Oath

A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution

1st Estate

"The Clergy"--Make up 1% of the population. Religious leaders who own 10% of the land. Did not pay taxes.

2nd Estate

"The Nobles"---Make up 2% of population, but owns 25% of land. Paid no taxes, held highest offices in government. Controlled the most wealth.

3rd Estate

"The 97% of population, 65 % of land, 3 levels of the Estate. Paid the most taxes and had little political power.

Olympe de Gouges

A butchers daughter from Montauban. Was a major revolutionary radical in Paris. Composed the Declaration of Rights of Women

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

Slogan for members of the French Revolution

guillotine

Device used as a means of execution during the French Revolution

Jacobins

Radical political organization that in September 1792 abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic

Reign of Terror

Period of time during which Maximilian Robespierre governed France

Why was France in so much debt? (The French Revolution)

7 Years War/Aiding the American Revolution

What was the phase called in which large numbers (17,000) of French people were executed?

Reign of Terror

French Revolution

A major change in government that began in 1789; it brought an end to the absolute monarchy and a start to a representative government

Estates-General

The legislative branch of the French government prior to the French Revolution; it could meet only with permission from the king (May 5th, 1789)

Marie Antoinette

Queen of France at the start of the Revolution, and wife of King Louis XVI. From Austria and was disliked by many French citizens because she spent so much money on herself. She was found guilty of treason and guillotined. Famous (maybe) saying: "Let them eat cake."

Versailles

A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; it was home to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

Bastille

A medieval fort and prison in Paris used to store gun powder

Robespierre

The radical leader during the French Revolution responsible for the Reign of Terror; he wanted to create a Republic of Virtue

Directory

A group of 5 men who were given control of France following the Reign of Terror; Napoleon was one of the 5 men

National Assembly

This was the legislative branch of the government; it ended feudalism, serfdom, taxes to the church and the special privileges of the 1st and 2nd estates

Napoleonic Code

A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon

Continental System

Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy.

Louisiana Purchase

territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million

War of 1812

A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France.

Elba

The tiny island that Napoleon was granted after his abdication. Off the coast of Italy.

Waterloo

The site of Napoleon's defeat by British and Prussian armies in 1815, which ended his last bid for power

Napoleon Bonaparte

Overthrew the French revolutionary government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.

Conquistador

Spanish explorer-conquerors of the Americas like Cortez and Pizarro

Triangular Trade

A system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa

Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)

Portuguese Prince who established a school of navigation and financed exploration voyages that started off the Age of Exploration

Christopher Columbus

He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to Asia.

export

A good or service produced in the home country and sold in another country.

import

bring (goods or services) into a country from abroad for sale.

Aztecs

Ancient civilization (1200-1521AD) that was located in what is present-day Mexico City

Pizzaro

Spanish- led a small army in an invasion of the Inca Empire. He conquered the Inca and gained huge amounts of gold and silver for himself and Spain.

Hernan Cortez

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico

Ferdinand Magellan

This was the first person to lead an expedition that circumnavigated the world

Cape of Good Hope

Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India.

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

King and Queen of Spain - help unify Spain and support and encourage Spanish exploration.

Vasco da Gama

Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.

Pedro Cabral

Claimed Brazil for Portugal n 1500. He had intended to follow Da Gama but was blown off course.

Amerigo Vespucci

A mapmaker and explorer who said that America was a new continent, so America was named after him.

Tenochtitlan

Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.

Small pox

Disease spread by Europeans in the Americas. Led to the deaths of millions of Native Americans in North and South America

Jamestown, Virginia

the first permanent English settlement, founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company for economic reasons

Horses

Animal introduced by Europeans that transformed the Native American way of life in the Great Plains

Jaques Cartier

French explorer, found the St. Lawrence River and laid claim to Canada as a French possesion (1534)

Mansa Musa

Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world.

The Renaissance

"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome

Humanism

A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

Leonardo da Vinci

A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician, mathemetician, engineer, and scientist. Known for the Mona Lisa.

Michelangelo

An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture of the biblical character David.

Raphael

Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens.

Niccolo Machiavelli

Wrote The Prince which contained a secular method of ruling a country. "End justifies the means."

Gutenburg

Inventor of the printing press

William Shakespeare

English poet and playwright considered one of the greatest writers of the English language; works include Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet.

Donatello

Sculptor. Probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. His statues expressed an appreciation of the incredible variety of human nature.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.