Human Nutrition: Proteins

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26 Terms

1

Proteins

Essential for body regulation and maintenance.

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2

Calories per gram

Proteins provide 4 calories of energy.

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3

Lean body tissue

Proteins constitute 17% of lean body mass.

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4

Amino acids

Building blocks of proteins, consist of four atoms.

<p>Building blocks of proteins, consist of four atoms.</p>
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5

Essential amino acids

9 amino acids not synthesized by the body.

<p>9 amino acids not synthesized by the body.</p>
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6

Nonessential amino acids

11 amino acids synthesized by the body.

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7

Conditionally essential amino acids

Amino acids needed during illness or malnutrition.

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8

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Genetic disorder affecting phenylalanine metabolism.

<p>Genetic disorder affecting phenylalanine metabolism.</p>
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9

Dipeptide

Protein made of 2 amino acids.

<p>Protein made of 2 amino acids.</p>
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10

Tripeptide

Protein made of 3 amino acids.

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11

Oligopeptide

Protein made of 4 to 9 amino acids.

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12

Polypeptide

Protein made of more than 10 amino acids.

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13

Peptide bond

Chemical bond linking amino acids in proteins.

<p>Chemical bond linking amino acids in proteins.</p>
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14

Denaturation

Change in protein shape reducing its activity.

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15

Heat-based denaturation

Cooking alters protein structure for digestion.

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16

Acid-based denaturation

Cooking with acids enhances flavor and tenderness.

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17

Incomplete proteins

Do not provide all essential amino acids.

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18

Complete proteins

Contain all essential amino acids in sufficient amounts.

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19

Complementary proteins

Two incomplete proteins combined to form complete protein.

<p>Two incomplete proteins combined to form complete protein.</p>
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20

Protein digestion

Begins with cooking and continues in stomach.

<p>Begins with cooking and continues in stomach.</p>
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21

Pepsin

Gastric enzyme breaking down proteins in stomach.

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22

Trypsin

Pancreatic enzyme further digesting proteins in small intestine.

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23

RDA for protein

0.8 - 1 g protein per kg body weight.

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24

Protein consumption recommendations

10 - 15% of total calories from protein.

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25

Protein malnutrition

Insufficient protein intake affecting health.

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26

Protein functions

Includes building body components and immune function.

<p>Includes building body components and immune function.</p>
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