BIO137: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Bone Tissue and Axial Skeleton

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, ribcage, and vertebrae.

Appendicular Skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the upper limbs, lower limbs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle.

Osteon

The basic structural unit of compact bone, consisting of a central canal surrounded by concentric rings of bony matrix.

Lacunae

Small depressions in the bone matrix where osteocytes reside.

Haversian Canal

The central opening in an osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves.

Sesamoid Bone

A type of short bone that is shaped like a sesame seed and forms in a tendon.

True Ribs

The first 7 pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilage.

False Ribs

The next 3 pairs of ribs that attach indirectly to the sternum.

Floating Ribs

The last 2 pairs of false ribs that do not attach to the sternum at all.

Hyoid Bone

A U-shaped bone located between the chin and the thyroid gland, serving as an attachment site for muscles aiding in swallowing.

Coccyx

The small bone at the base of the vertebral column, also known as the tailbone.

Vertebral Column

The structure consisting of 24 individual vertebrae and 2 fused bones (sacrum and coccyx) that extends from the skull to the pelvis.

Intervertebral Discs

Fibrocartilage cushions that separate vertebrae in the spinal column.

Long Bones

Bones that are longer than they are wide, such as the limbs, except the patella.

Short Bones

Bones that are roughly cube-shaped and smaller than long bones, like those in the wrist and ankle.

Irregular Bones

Bones that do not fit into the other categories and are irregularly shaped, such as vertebrae.