The Cell Theory and Major Sub-Cellular Organelles

Flashcards for key concepts and terminology related to cell theory and major cellular organelles.

Prokaryotic Cell

A unicellular organism with no true nucleus and structures not bound by membranes.

Eukaryotic Cell

A multicellular organism with a nucleus and organelles enclosed by membranes.

Animal Cells

Multicellular eukaryotic cells that form various tissues and organs.

Skin Cells

Cells that consist of keratinocytes and melanocytes, responsible for skin structure and pigmentation.

Muscle Cells

Long tubular cells, known as myocytes, that enable body movement.

Blood Cells

Cells in the blood, including red and white blood cells, with various functions in transport and immune response.

Fat Cells

Adipocytes that store energy in the form of fats and lipids.

Nerve Cells

Neurons that transmit signals throughout the body using dendrites and axons.

Bone Cells

Osteocytes that form the structure of bones.

Epithelial Tissue

Covers body's surfaces and lines cavities; some secrete substances.

Connective Tissue

Binds and supports different parts of the body.

Muscular Tissue

Tissue responsible for movement, composed of long fibers.

Nervous Tissue

Receives, processes, and transmits information throughout the body.

Squamous Epithelium

Flat cells without intercellular gaps, found in outer skin and lining of cavities.

Columnar Epithelium

Cylindrical cells that facilitate nutrient movement, found in digestive tract linings.

Ciliated Epithelium

Columnar epithelial cells with cilia, pushing mucus out of the respiratory tract.

Cuboidal Epithelium

Cube-shaped cells providing support, found in glandular linings.

Stratified Epithelium

Layers of epithelial cells found in skin and oral cavity linings.

Blood

Fluid connective tissue carrying oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.

Bone

Hard connective tissue that provides support and protection to organs.

Fibrous Connective Tissues

Connective tissues like ligaments and tendons that provide strength.

Cartilage

Supports structures while allowing flexibility; found in nose and ears.

Areolar Connective Tissue

Fills spaces between organs, providing support.

Adipose Connective Tissues

Store fat as energy reserves and insulation.

Striated Muscle (Skeletal)

Voluntary muscle with striations, responsible for body movements.

Unstriated Muscle (Smooth)

Involuntary muscle without striations, moving substances within organs.

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary branched muscle in the heart responsible for pumping blood.

Neuron

The basic building block of the nervous system, specialized for signal transmission.

Glial Cell (Neuroglia)

Cells that support and protect neurons, providing them with nutrients.

Parenchyma Cells

Unspecialized plant cells involved in various functions such as storage and photosynthesis.

Collenchyma Cells

Plant cells that provide support in growing regions, characterized by thickened cell walls.

Sclerenchyma Cells

Rigid plant cells with thick cell walls containing lignin; support structure at maturity.

Meristematic Cells

Plant cells capable of division, contributing to growth.

Xylem

Conducts water from roots to other plants parts.

Phloem

Transports carbohydrates throughout the plant.

Epidermis

Single layer of cells covering and protecting the plant.

Periderm

The bark of a plant, composed of protective layers.

Meristematic Tissue

Tissues responsible for continuous growth in plants.

Guard Cells

Cells controlling the opening and closing of stomata in leaves.

Root Hairs

Extensions of root cells that increase surface area for absorption.

Palisade Cells

Leaf cells specialized for photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll.