Genomes and Their Evolution

Flashcards about Genomes and Their Evolution

The entire set of DNA from an organism is called the __.

Genome

__ is the number of genes found along a Mb stretch of DNA.

Gene density

Humans have __ genes in a 3000 Mb genome.

21,000

__ genomes have lower gene density.

Larger multicellular eukaryote

__ is the most common mechanism of alternative splicing.

Exon skipping

__ % exons make up the human genome.

1.5

__ % intergenic repetitive DNA makes up the human genome.

44

Mobile genetic material is also known as __.

transposable elements

__ are mobile genetic elements that use a copy and paste method and DNA to DNA movement.

Transposons

__ are mobile genetic elements that are most common and use an RNA intermediate.

Retrotransposons

__ is a process in which individuals that have certain heritable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals because of those traits.

Natural selection

__ do not evolve; POPULATIONS do.

Individuals

__ is a change in allele frequencies in a population over time.

Microevolution

Natural selection is only mechanism of __ evolution.

adaptive

New genes & New alleles originate only by __.

mutation

__ chromosomes carry the same genes for the same traits.

Homologous

__ is the ultimate source of new alleles.

Mutation

__ occurs due to errors during meiosis, slippage during replication and transposable element activities.

Gene duplication

Majority of genetic variation is from the unique __ of alleles.

combinations

__ describes the genetic composition of a population and how it changes over time.

Population genetics

__ equation uses frequency of alleles and genotypes to determine whether a population is evolving.

Hardy-Weinberg

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle describes gene pool of a population that is __ evolving.

NOT

__ is the group of individuals of the same species living in the same area that interbreed to produce offspring

Population

__ is the total aggregate of all the alleles for all loci for all the individuals in a population

Gene pool

Natural selection, Genetic drift, and Gene flow alter allele frequencies in a population [The 3 __ of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium]

No’s

Genetic Drift: In __ populations there is a greater chance of random mutation

small

Founder Effect & __ Effect (2 types of genetic drift)

Bottleneck

Gene flow happens when individuals or their __ enter or leave a population

gametes

Natural selection acts on __ directly, not genotype.

phenotype

Natural Selection alters gene frequencies in 3 ways: Directional Selection, Disruptive Selection, __ Selection

Stabilizing

__ Selection selection for mating success and Results in Sexual Dimorphism (different characteristics in sexes)

Sexual

Intrasexual Selection-within genders; usually between __

males

Intersexual Selection-__ genders; usually females choose partner

between