Chapter 4: Covalent Compounds, Formulas, and Structures

Paramagnetic

________- Substances that contain unpaired electrons are said to be ________.

Free Radicals

________- Molecules that have Lewis structures with an unpaired electron are often called ________.

Carbon

________ is usually a central atom in the structure and in compounds with more than one ________ atom, the ________ atoms are joined in a chain to start the skeleton.

Electrons

________ are only shared equally in a nonpolar covalent bond.

Hydrogen

________ is never a central atom because it can form only one covalent bond.

electron spin

The ________ generates a small magnetic field which is canceled when electrons are paired.

Lewis Dot Structure

To simplify a(n) ________, the bonding pairs of electrons can be replaced by a line representing a bond.

Domain

Bonding ________- The region in space occupied by a bonding pair (or pairs for double and triple bonds)

Covalent compounds

________ are governed by the octet rule.

Octet Rule

________- The ________ dates that the noble gas configuration will be achieved if the Lewis structure shows 8 electrons around each atom.

Halogens

________ form only a single covalent bond when oxygen is not present and therefore a halogen will generally not be a central atom.

Magnetic properties

________ of atoms, ions, and molecules arise from unpaired electrons.

Polar Bond

________- If the electrons are not shared equally by two atoms, they will spend more time localized near one atom or the other, creating a(n) ________ with a positive and a negative end.

Molecules

________- Compounds composed of covalently bonded groups of atoms are called ________.

Formal Charge

________- The formal charge is the difference between the number of electrons an atom has in a Lewis structure and its number of valence electrons.

polyatomic ion

If the substance is a(n) ________, we must take into account that the electrons are used to form the charge of the ion.

Domain

Nonbonding ________- The region in space occupied by a non- binding electron pair.