Theme 1 - Establishing Communist Rule

What percentage of the population worked in industry in 1949?

5%

In 1949 what percentage below the 1937 level was factory output?

45%

What percentage of the Chinese population were peasants?

80%

How much of the railway networks had been destroyed?

1/2

Where had the nationalists fled to?

Taiwan

In 1940 compared to 1946 what could 100 yuan buy?

A pig

An egg

How many bandits emerged?

1 million

What was the elected legislature called?

National People's Congress

What stated 'all power in the People's Republic of China belongs to the people'?

1954 Constitution

How often did the National People's Congress Meet?

Once a year

From 1949 to 1950 how many members did the CCP have?

4 million to 6 million

How many members did the Central Committee have in 1949?

49

How many members did the Politburo have?

25

How many people were in the Politburo Standing Committee?

5

What was the role of the CCP?

Co-ordinating government

Who headed the Government Council?

Zhou Enlai

What was the Government Council renamed in 1954?

State Council

How many new ministries did Zhou Enlai create?

24

How did the CCP control the PLA?

Military Affairs Commission

1950 - 1953 how many 'enemies of Communism' did the PLA kill?

100,000

How many new troops did the 1955 Conscription Law guarantee a year?

800,000

How did the size of the army change 1950 - 1953?

5 million to 3.5 million

Of the 4 officials who governed each of China's 6 regions how many were military positions?

2

What was Mao's position concerning the PLA?

Chair of the Commission to Control the Armed Forces

What was Mao's position in terms of the Party?

Chairman of the CCP

What was Mao's position in terms of the government?

China's first President

By when had enough loyal cadres been trained to replace nationalists?

Late 1951

What was the Three-Antis against?

Corruption, waste and obstructionist bureaucracy

When did the Three-Antis campaign happen?

August 1951 - July 1952

When was the Five-Antis campaign?

February - May 1952

What was the Five-Antis against?

Bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, cheating on government contracts, stealing state economic information

When was the 'Regulations Regarding the Punishment of Counter-Revolutionaries' published?

February 1951

What percentage of Shanghai businessmen were found guilty of at least one of the 'five poisons'?

99%

When was the Campaign to Suppress 'Counter-Revolutionaries' launched?

March 1950

In the first half of 1951 how many counter-revolutionary deaths were recorded?

800,000

When was Tibet invaded?

October 1950

How many Tibetans participated in a failed resistance to the invasion?

60,000

When was the plan to increase Tibetan population from 3 to 10 million through Han Chinese in-migration launched?

November 1952

When was a Tibetan rebellion brutally suppressed by the PLA?

1959

What document was used to incorporate Tibet into the PRC?

17-Point 'Agreement on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet'

How many people were executed in Guandong during 'suppress the counter-revolutionaries'?

28,000

By when was Xinjiang under the PRC's control?

March 1950

What proportion of Xinjiang's population of 4 million were Uighurs?

3/4

When were leaders from Xinjiang invited to the Political Consultative Conference but their plane crashed?

1949

In Xinjiang what were Han Chinese organised into by the PLA?

Production and Construction Corps

How many people in Guandong were executed during 'Suppress the Counter-Revolutionaries'?

28,000

What area was a pro-nationalist stronghold?

Guandong

What were the 're-education through labour' camps called (est. 1957)?

Laojiao

What does laogai mean?

'reform through labour'

By 1955 how many people were undergoing forced labour?

1.3 million

How many prisoners did the 1955 purge add to the laogai system?

700,000

How many died of disease or committed suicide in the first year of being in the Guandong tin mines?

1 in 3

How many died in prisons and labour camps under Mao's rule?

27 million

How much did the laogai system contribute to the economy in the mid-1950s?

700 million yuan in industrial products

750,000 tons of grain

How many prisoners did the laogai system have in any one year at the peak of Mao's rule?

10 million

When was the Hundred Flowers Campaign originally launched?

May 1956

When was the Hundred Flowers campaign relaunched?

February 1957

When was the Anti-Rightists Campaign launched?

June 1957

How many intellectuals were purged in the anti-Rightist Campaign?

400,000 to 700,000

What percentage of work units (danwei) were cadres expected to find guilty of being rightists?

5%

What propaganda campaign encouraged Chinese nationalism?

'Resist America, Aid Korea'

How many counter-revolutionary executions occurred in the first half of 1951?

800,000

How many official executions occurred in the first half of 1951?

135,000

What was the name for the wave of patriotism accompanied by the phrase 'our factory is our battlefield and our machines are our weapons'?

Model Soldier Hero

After the Korean War what was China no longer seen as?

'Sick Man of Asia'

What percentage of Chinese soldiers suffered from frostbite?

90%

How much did the USSR loan to the PRC to finance the Korean War?

$10 billion

How many Chinese soldiers died in Korea?

400,000 of 3 million

What country was maintained as a Communist border after the Korean War?

North Korea