Philosophical Foundations of the Self

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key philosophers and concepts from the lecture on the philosophical foundations of the self.

Philosophy comes from the Greek word philosophia, literally meaning "love of __."

wisdom

From a philosophical perspective, the self is not static; everyone is tasked to __ one's self.

discover

Socrates’ famous maxim urging self-examination is "__ thyself."

Know

According to Socrates, only the pursuit of __ brings happiness.

goodness

The questioning technique associated with Socrates is called the __ Method.

Socratic

Plato’s dualism holds that a human is composed of __ and soul.

body

In Plato’s tripartite soul, the part that seeks rational decisions is __.

reason

Within Plato’s tripartite soul, the __ desires supreme honor.

spirit

The appetitive part of Plato’s soul seeks bodily pleasures such as __.

food, drink, sex

Aristotle claimed all human actions have one or more of seven causes, including chance, nature, compulsions, habit, reason, passion, and __.

desire

Aristotle believed that __, dependent on an individual's virtues, is the central purpose of human life.

happiness

St. Augustine taught that to love God means to love one’s __.

fellowmen

Descartes summed up the certainty of self in the phrase "Cogito ergo sum," meaning "I think, therefore __."

I am

For Descartes, the self is defined as a subject that __.

thinks

John Locke described the mind at birth as a .

tabula rasa

Locke claimed that personal identity is founded on __.

consciousness

David Hume described the self as a __ of impressions.

bundle

Immanuel Kant stated that consciousness is the __ figure of the self.

central

Kant’s external self is made up of ourselves and the __ world.

physical

Gilbert Ryle argued that adequate descriptions of human behavior need refer only to the operations of human __.

bodies

Ryle’s approach is commonly called __ Behaviorism.

Philosophical

Maurice Merleau-Ponty asserted that we know not through intellect but through our __.

experience

Merleau-Ponty emphasized that consciousness, the world, and the human __ are intricately intertwined.

body