McGraw Hill Ch.24 Urinary System
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67 Terms
The kidneys are located along the ______ abdominal wall.
posterior
1 multiple choice option
When a kidney is sectioned along a coronal plane, there is an outer renal ______ and an inner renal ______.
cortex; medulla
1 multiple choice option
______ nerves extend from the spinal cord to the blood vessels of the kidney.
sympathetic
1 multiple choice option
True or false: The main function of the urinary system is to remove oxygen from the bloodstream.
false
1 multiple choice option
The hilum of the kidney is where ______ connects to the kidney.
blood vessels
nerves
ureter
The functional filtration unit in a kidney is the ______.
nephron
3 multiple choice options
Kidneys are ______ protected by the rib cage.
partially
1 multiple choice option
Collecting tubules and collecting ducts project through the ______ toward the ______.
renal medulla; renal papilla
2 multiple choice options
The innermost portion of a kidney is called the ______.
medulla
1 multiple choice option
Which is a component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
macula densa
2 multiple choice options
The sympathetic axons extend to which blood vessels of the kidney?
efferent arteriole
juxtaglomerular apparatus
afferent arteriole
At least 20- 25% of the resting ______ normally flows through the kidney via the renal artery.
cardiac output
3 multiple choice options
Besides removing waste products from the bloodstream, the urinary system performs many other functions, including which of the following? More than one answer may be correct.
erythropoietin production
urine storage
acid-base balance
Blood flows from the renal artery to the ______ arteries in the area of the renal sinus.
segmental
3 multiple choice options
The renal corpuscle is composed of which of the following?
glomerular capsule
glomerulus
When the tubular fluid leaves the distal convoluted tubules, it must travel through a series of small ______ that empty into ______.
collecting tubules; collecting ducts
3 multiple choice options
Once the tubular fluid leaves the ______, it is called urine.
collecting duct
2 multiple choice options
One component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus is which of the following?
granular cells
2 multiple choice options
Which of the following happens first?
filtration
2 multiple choice options
The fluid that is formed when blood flows through the glomerulus and some components of the plasma enter the capsular space is called
filtrate
The segmental arteries branch to form the ______ arteries that travel through the renal columns.
interlobar
3 multiple choice options
The ______ allows plasma and its dissolved substances to be filtered while restricting the passage of large structures, such as formed elements.
endothelium of glomerulus
2 multiple choice options
Put the following structures in order. The first one should be closest to the nephron and the last one should be closest to the urinary bladder.
minor calyx
renal pelvis
collecting duct
major calyx
papillary duct
1. collecting duct
2. papillary duct
3. minor calyx
4. major calyx
5. renal pelvis
Which of the following are the processes by which urine is formed?
tubular secretion
filtration
tubular reabsorption
Which substances are not filtered through the kidneys?
erythrocytes
platelets
leukocytes
Filtrate is produced due to the difference between __________ pressure of the blood in the glomerulus and the opposing pressures of the osmotic blood pressure and fluid pressure in the capsular space
hydrostatic
The ______ is fenestrated.
endothelium of glomerulus
2 multiple choice options
Glomerular filtration regulation involves intrinsic control which could best be described as ______.
renal autoregulation
2 multiple choice options
Some substances that were not initially filtered in the glomerulus, but must be eliminated from the blood, become a component of urine through __________, ____________
tubular secretion
Match the letter with the structure using the figure of a convoluted tubule and surrounding capillary.
A: peritubular capillary
B: interstitial fluid
C: basement membrane
D: lumen
During urine formation, which substances escape into the filtrate?
water
amino acids
ions
glucose
The difference between the hydrostatic pressure of the blood in the glomerulus and the opposing pressures of the osmotic blood pressure and fluid pressure in the capsular space determines the amount of ________ formed
filtrate
The _______ ________ is the maximum amount of a substance that can be reabsorbed (or secreted) across the tubule epithelium in a given period of time.
transport maximum
Glomerular filtration is influenced by changing the ______.
diameter of the afferent arteriole
3 multiple choice options
Which substances are not normal components of urine because they are completely reabsorbed?
amino acids
glucose
lactate
filtered plasma proteins
Substances are ___________ when they move from the tubular fluid back into the blood.
reabsorbed
In the figure, the large arrow labeled A indicates the process of tubular _______
reabsorption
The transport maximum is dependent upon the number of __________ __________ in the epithelial cell membrane
transport proteins
Many substances have regulated reabsorption. One substance plays a pivotal role in the reabsorption of these other substances. Choose this substance from the list below.
Na+
3 multiple choice options
Most of the substances that are reabsorbed from the tubular fluid back into the blood are reabsorbed typically from the __________ _________ tubule.
proximal convoluted
Na+ can be reabsorbed along the entire length of the nephron tubule with the majority being reabsorbed in the ______.
PCT
2 multiple choice options
The nitrogenous waste product that is a small, water-soluble molecule produced from protein breakdown in the liver is ________
urea
Normally urine ______ contains red blood cells.
does not
1 multiple choice option
Which of the following substances have regulated reabsorption?
Ca2+
Na+
Water
K+
To conduct a measurement of filtration rate, an individual is injected with __________
inulin
The amount of Na+ reabsorbed from the tubular fluid can vary from ______ to ______%.
98; 100
3 multiple choice options
We may infer from the ______ whether a substance is reabsorbed or secreted.
renal clearance rate
1 multiple choice option
The body's main nitrogenous waste products are which of the following?
urea
creatinine
uric acid
The average daily urine volume is normally ______ liters.
1-2
2 multiple choice options
Under normal circumstances, urine does not contain which of the following?
red blood cells
glucose
white blood cells
To test glomerular filtration rate, ______ is used because it is freely filtered and neither reabsorbed nor secreted in the kidney.
inulin
3 multiple choice options
The urethra and ureters are components of the ______.
urinary tract
2 multiple choice options
The ______ measures the volume of plasma that can be completely cleared of substance in a given period of time.
renal plasma clearance
2 multiple choice options
A minimum of about ______ L of urine per day is required to eliminate the wastes from the body.
0.5
2 multiple choice options
The lamina propria of the mucosa is composed of
dense irregular connective tissue
2 multiple choice options
Urine is mostly composed of ______.
water
2 multiple choice options
The structure that originates at the neck of the urinary bladder and conducts urine to the exterior of the body is the __________
urethra
Ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra are components of the _________ tract.
urinary
The female urethra opens to the outside of the body at the external urethral orifice located in the female ______.
perineum
3 multiple choice options
The expulsion of urine from the bladder is called urination or
micturition
The mucosa of the ureter is formed from ______ epithelium.
transitional
3 multiple choice options
The tube that extends from the urinary bladder to the urethral opening is the ______.
urethra
1 multiple choice option
The maximum plasma concentration of a substance that can be carried in the blood without eventually appearing in the urine is called the _______ ________
renal threshold
The female urethra is lined by ______ epithelium near its junction with the bladder.
transitional
2 multiple choice options
Micturition is the expulsion of ______.
urine
3 multiple choice options
True or false: The mucosa of the ureter is distensible (stretchy) and impermeable to the passage of urine.
true
1 multiple choice option
The maximum plasma concentration of a substance that can be carried in the blood without eventually appearing in the urine is called the ______.
renal threshold