7th Grade Science Quiz

Cell wall

A rigid structure found in plant cells that provides support and protection.

Cell membrane

A flexible barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell.

Cytoplasm

The jelly

Golgi apparatus

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use in the cell.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell, where energy (ATP) is produced.

Vacuole

A storage organelle that holds materials like water, nutrients, and waste.

Lysosome

An organelle containing digestive enzymes to break down waste.

Chloroplast

An organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Plant cell

Contains a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Typically rectangular in shape.

Animal cell

Does not have a cell wall or chloroplasts and has smaller, more numerous vacuoles. Typically round or irregular in shape.

Euglena

A protist that can be autotrophic (photosynthesis) or heterotrophic; moves using a whip

Amoeba

A protist that moves using pseudopodia (extensions of its cytoplasm); heterotrophic, engulfs food via phagocytosis.

Paramecium

A protist that moves using tiny hair

Interphase

The cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for division.

Prophase

Chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope dissolves, and spindle fibers begin to form.

Metaphase

Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell (metaphase plate).

Anaphase

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.

Telophase

Two new nuclear envelopes form around the separated chromosomes.

Cytokinesis

The cytoplasm splits, forming two identical daughter cells.

Mitosis

Produces two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (diploid). Involves one round of cell division.

Meiosis

Produces four non

Dominant trait

A trait that is expressed when at least one dominant allele is present.

Recessive trait

A trait that is only expressed when two recessive alleles are present.

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., AA or aa).

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Aa).

Incomplete dominance

A genetic situation where neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blended phenotype.

Codominance

A genetic situation where both alleles are fully expressed, such as in AB blood type.

Allele

A version of a gene that determines a specific trait.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism (e.g., Aa or AA).

Phenotype

The physical expression of a genotype (e.g., blue eyes or brown hair).

Punnett Squares

A diagram used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring in genetic crosses.