7th Grade Science Quiz

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Cell wall

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31 Terms

1

Cell wall

A rigid structure found in plant cells that provides support and protection.

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2

Cell membrane

A flexible barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell.

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3

Cytoplasm

The jelly

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4

Golgi apparatus

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use in the cell.

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5

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell, where energy (ATP) is produced.

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6

Vacuole

A storage organelle that holds materials like water, nutrients, and waste.

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7

Lysosome

An organelle containing digestive enzymes to break down waste.

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8

Chloroplast

An organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

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9

Plant cell

Contains a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Typically rectangular in shape.

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10

Animal cell

Does not have a cell wall or chloroplasts and has smaller, more numerous vacuoles. Typically round or irregular in shape.

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11

Euglena

A protist that can be autotrophic (photosynthesis) or heterotrophic; moves using a whip

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12

Amoeba

A protist that moves using pseudopodia (extensions of its cytoplasm); heterotrophic, engulfs food via phagocytosis.

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13

Paramecium

A protist that moves using tiny hair

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14

Interphase

The cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for division.

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15

Prophase

Chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope dissolves, and spindle fibers begin to form.

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16

Metaphase

Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell (metaphase plate).

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17

Anaphase

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.

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18

Telophase

Two new nuclear envelopes form around the separated chromosomes.

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19

Cytokinesis

The cytoplasm splits, forming two identical daughter cells.

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20

Mitosis

Produces two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (diploid). Involves one round of cell division.

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21

Meiosis

Produces four non

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22

Dominant trait

A trait that is expressed when at least one dominant allele is present.

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23

Recessive trait

A trait that is only expressed when two recessive alleles are present.

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24

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., AA or aa).

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25

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Aa).

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26

Incomplete dominance

A genetic situation where neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blended phenotype.

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27

Codominance

A genetic situation where both alleles are fully expressed, such as in AB blood type.

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28

Allele

A version of a gene that determines a specific trait.

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29

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism (e.g., Aa or AA).

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30

Phenotype

The physical expression of a genotype (e.g., blue eyes or brown hair).

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31

Punnett Squares

A diagram used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring in genetic crosses.

<p>A diagram used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring in genetic crosses.</p>
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