Political polarisation, groupthink and relative deprivation Researchers

Janis (1972)

Group decision making can lead to groupthink where group thinks the same

Janis (1984)

Groupthink factors: illusion of invulnerability, group rationalisations, belief group is morally right, outgroup stereotypes, self-censorship, illusion of unanimity

MUSICR

Hogg (2005)

A sense of having less than entitled - relative deprivation

Berkowitz (1972)

Relative deprivation —> frustration —> aversive environmental conditions —> individual acts of aggression —> aggressive stimuli exacerbate aggression —> aggression becomes dominant response —> social facilitation —> collective violence

Roman FEASt Does Sound Cool

Davis (1969)

J-curve, relative deprivation may be experienced at times of rapid economic decline

Runciman (1966)

Egoistic RD personally having less than we feel we are entitled to

Fraternalistic RD sense that our group has less than it is entitled to

Turner (1998)

Only 24 groupthink studies in 25years since Janis’s model

Conceptual issues - some researchers say all antecedents are needed to provide evidence of groupthink, some say not all are needed, but when more antecedents are present, we should see stronger evidence of groupthink

Others say it depends on situational factors - they warn against groupthink being intuitive and based on case studies and lacking empirical support

Stoner (1961)

Polarisation not groupthink, risky shift

Suhey (2015)

Political decisions never made in vacuum, context, catholic study - response of shame related to if they had been exposed to conservative catholic beliefs as evangelical/progressive-catholic/conservative-catholic

Obsidian (2019)

Relative deprivation affects minority and majority groups

Gurney (1982)

Too many conceptual and theoretical limitations, other psychological concepts may explain political unrest better