Topic 11: Sustainable Development Goals

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specific health targets under SDG 3, and key terminology related to global health and human development as found in the lecture notes.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A set of $17$ goals and $169$ targets developed by United Nations member states, non-government organisations, and people world-wide, introduced in $2016$ to be achieved by $2030$.

Interdependent

A characteristic of the SDGs meaning they are mutually reliant on each other; the achievement of one goal is connected to the achievement of others.

Indivisible

A characteristic of the SDGs meaning they are unable to be divided or separated.

Global Health

Health that focuses on the needs of people around the world, going beyond individual countries to improve health, reduce differences, and achieve equity for all people.

SDG 3

Good health and wellbeing; aims to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages.

Maternal Mortality

The death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth, or within six weeks of delivery.

SDG 3 maternal mortality target

Reduce maternal mortality to fewer than $70$ per $100,000$ live births.

Neonatal mortality target

Reduce neonatal mortality to $12$ per $1000$ live births.

Under-5 mortality (U5MR) target

Reduce under-$5$ mortality to $25$ per $1000$ live births.

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)

A group of $20$ diseases occurring in tropical and subtropical environments, common where people lack access to safe water and sanitation.

Universal Health Coverage

Achieving access to quality healthcare services, including affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all.

WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

An international treaty whose implementation is a target of SDG 3 to reduce tobacco-related health issues.

Antenatal care

Health care provided to women during pregnancy and just after birth, with a recommended minimum of four visits.

Neonatal period

The first $28$ days after birth.

Birth asphyxia

A condition in which a baby’s brain and other organs do not get enough oxygen before, during, or immediately after birth.

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

A condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that damages the immune system and leaves the body unable to fight infections.

Antiretroviral drugs (ART)

A combination of three or more drugs that stop the HIV virus from reproducing, delaying its progression to AIDS.

Vector control

Actions to control or eradicate disease-carrying organisms, such as using insecticide-treated mosquito nets to prevent malaria.

Tuberculosis (TB)

A contagious bacterial disease affecting the lungs, spread through the air via coughing and sneezing.

Schistosomiasis

A worm infection that occurs when people swim, bathe, or have contact with fresh water contaminated with human excreta.

Trachoma

A bacterial infection of the eye that can cause complications including blindness.

Hepatitis

An inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection (Types A, B, C, D, and E).

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

Diseases due to lifestyle and environmental factors, primarily cardiovascular diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases, and diabetes.

SDG 1

No poverty; aims to end poverty in all its forms everywhere.

Extreme Poverty

Measured as people living on less than $PPP\$2.15$ a day.

Microfinance

Small, low-cost financial services and low-interest loans for poor people to develop small businesses.

Social protection measures

Systems put in place to prevent poverty due to crises, including healthcare provision and income security.

SDG 2

Zero hunger; aims to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.

Sustainable Agriculture

Agricultural practices that provide sufficient food in ways that are economically efficient providers, socially responsible, and environmentally sound.

Food Security

When all people have access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food at all times.

SDG 4

Quality education; ensures inclusive and equitable quality education and promotes lifelong learning opportunities for all.

SDG 5

Gender equality; aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.

SDG 6

Clean water and sanitation; ensures availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

SDG 12

Responsible consumption and production; ensures sustainable consumption and production patterns.

Material footprint

The total amount of raw materials used to meet final consumption demands, indicating pressure on the environment.

Circular economy

A system where materials never become waste and nature is regenerated through reuse, recycling, and composting.