d1.1

These flashcards cover key concepts related to DNA replication, the importance of semi-conservative replication, and techniques such as gel electrophoresis and PCR.

What is the meaning of semi-conservative in DNA replication?

It means that one strand of the parent DNA is kept in the daughter molecule.

What role does DNA polymerase play in DNA replication?

DNA polymerase links nucleotides together to form a new strand using the pre-existing strand as a template.

What is the main importance of DNA replication in multicellular organisms?

It is essential for growth, replacement of old/damaged cells, and reproduction.

What hypothesis did Crick and Watson propose regarding DNA replication?

They proposed a semi-conservative model for DNA replication.

Which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication?

Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix.

What defines the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in fragments called Okazaki fragments.

What is the role of the enzyme DNA ligase?

DNA ligase joins together Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand.

In Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), what is the purpose of denaturation?

Denaturation breaks the hydrogen bonds that hold the double-stranded DNA together, allowing the strands to separate.

What is the significance of primers in PCR?

Primers bind to specific sections of DNA to initiate replication of only those sections.

Why must DNA be prepared for gel electrophoresis?

DNA must be prepared to facilitate separation for analysis, such as sequencing or genetic profiling.