AP Euro Topic 4.2 The Scientific Revolution Terms/Names (Amsco Bolded)
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22 Terms
Scientific Revolution
The intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science.
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scientific method
A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
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Francis Bacon
developed the scientific method and inductive reasoning (make observations and use that to come to general conclusions).
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Rene Descartes
wrote Discourse on Method; "i think therefore i am" --using deductive reasoning, using a general statement and applying strict logic to draw conclusions.
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Isaac Newton
Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe.
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natural law
General principles of about the way the world works based on mathematical proofs. Example: Newton's universal law of gravity.
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mathematics
a science of structure and order that developed from counting and measurement.
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astronomy
the study of the universe beyond Earth, including the sun, moon, planets, and stars
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cosmology
The branch of astronomy concerned with the origins and structure of the universe (such as what the Webb telescope is currently doing!)
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Nicolaus Copernicus
Polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe in 1500s
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heliocentric
A model of the solar system in which Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun
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Johannes Kepler
German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion
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Galileo Galilei
Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars and to use observations to prove heliocentric theory.
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telescope
A device built to observe distant objects by making them appear closer
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Galen
Ancient Greek anatomist whose theories formed the basis of European medicine until the Scientific Revolution disproved them.
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Paracelsus
He followed a chemical philosophy that a human body was a small replica of the larger world. He used chemical remedies that went for each sickness, He is associated with diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Andreas Vesalius
a Flemish surgeon who is considered the father of modern anatomy.
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William Harvey
English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood
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alchemy
Traditional medieval chemistry; attempt to change base metal into gold
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astrology
Traditional view (still popular as a recreational hobby) Theory of the influence of planets and stars on human events
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Newtonian World Machine
The universe is like a mechanical clock, its gears governed by the laws of physics, making every aspect of the machine predictable (concept destroyed by chaos of World War I).
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geocentric
in the Middle Ages, the earth-centered view of the universe in which scholars believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe
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