Object Oriented Programming with Java

Object-Oriented Programming(OOP)

A way of programming that uses classes and class hierarchies.

Encapsulation

Combining data and methods into a class

Primitive Type

A data type that can typically be handled directly by the underlying hardware

Enumerated Type

A data type that includes a fixed set of constant values called enumerators

Class

Blueprint/ template encapsulating of data and code that manipulates it

Instance

An encapsulated bundle of data and code (e.g., an instance of a program is a process; an instance of a class is an object)

Object

An instance of a class containing a set of encapsulated data and associated methods

Variable

Block of memory asossicated with a symbolic name that contains a primitive data value or address of an object instance

Operator

A short string representing a mathematical, logical, or machine control action

Field

A class member variable ( also called an "attribute" or "class variables")

Constructor

A special class member that creates and initializes an object from the class

Method

A function that manipulates data in a class ("class function")

Getter

A method that returns the value of a private variable

Setter

A method that changes the value of a private variable

Declaration

A statement that introduces a name with an associated type into a scope

Definition

A declaration that also fully specifies the entity declared

Shadowing

A variable declared in a narrower scope than that of a variable of the same name declared in a broader scope

Algorithm

A procedure for solving a specific problem, expressed as an ordered set of actions

Exception

An object created to represent an error or other unusual occurrence and then propagated via special mechanisms until caught by special handling code

Assertion

An expression that, if false, indicates a program error ( using assert)

Invariant

Code for which specified assertions are guaranteed to be true( often a class in which fiels cannot change after instantiation)

Data Validation

Ensuring that a program operates on clean, correct and useful data

Validation Rules

Algorithmically enforceable constraints on the correctness, meaningfulness, and security of input data.

Version Control

The task of keeping a system consisting of many versions well-organized

Branch

A second distinct development path within the same organization, and often within the same version control system

Fork

A second distinct and independent development path undertaken (often by a different organization) to create a unique product

Baseline

A reference point in a version control system, usually indicating completion and approval of a product release, and sometimes used to support a fork.

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

The standard visual modeling language used to describe specify, design, and document the structure and behavior of object-oriented systems

Intellectual Property

Exclusive right to authors and inventors to their writing and discoveries

Trademark

Symbol or name established by use as representing a company or product

Patent

Exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention, and authorize others to do the same

Copyright

Exclusive right to print, publish, perform, execute, or record a creative work or its derivatives, and to authorize others to do the same

Private

Accessible by memebers of this class

Public

Accessible by any method

Enum

A class that also includes a list of enumerators