Biotechnology and Gene Therapy Overview

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to biotechnology, gene therapy, and the origins of life, aiding in understanding and retention for exam preparation.

Biotechnology

The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products.

Gene Therapy

The insertion of genetic material into human cells to treat or prevent disease.

Ex Vivo Gene Therapy

Gene therapy in which the genetic manipulation occurs outside of the host's body.

In Vivo Gene Therapy

Gene therapy that involves the direct introduction of genetic material into the patient's cells.

Stem Cell

An undifferentiated biological cell that can differentiate into specialized cells.

Vector

A carrier used to transport genetic material into a cell, often derived from viruses.

Chemotherapy

A treatment that uses drugs to kill rapidly growing cells, often used to wipe out existing stem cells in gene therapy.

SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disorder)

A genetic disorder characterized by the absence of functional T and B lymphocytes due to a defect in the immune system.

Retroviral Vector

A type of vector used in gene therapy derived from retroviruses that integrates into the genome of the host cells.

Natural Selection

The process through which species adapt to their environment, leading to evolution and the survival of the fittest.

Lamarckian Evolution

The discredited theory that organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring.

Panspermia Hypothesis

The hypothesis that life exists throughout the universe and is distributed by meteoroids, asteroids, comets, and planetoids.

Hydrothermal Vent Hypothesis

The theory that life began at hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor due to the rich assortment of chemicals and energy.

Archaeopteryx

A transitional fossil between non-avian dinosaurs and birds, showcasing characteristics of both groups.

Vestigial Structure

An anatomical feature or organ that has lost most or all of its original function during the evolution of a species.

Polymerization

The process of connecting small units, or monomers, to form long chains, or polymers, significant for the formation of complex organic structures.

Abiotic Synthesis

The non-living process through which organic compounds are formed from inorganic materials.