AOS 2 Psychology unit 1

what is brain ablation

involves disabling, destroying or removing selected brain tissue followed by an assessment of subsequent changes in behaviour

what is brain lesioning

involves disrupting or damaging the normal structure or function of part of the brain. 

what is electrical stimulation of the brain

Weak electrical signals are generated continuously by neurons throughout the brain. 

What is a neuron

is a single nerve cell, that process and responds to information both from internal and external environments

How many neurons do we have in our bodies?

100 billion

What is the synapes

The point of communication between 2 or more neurons or between a neuron and a target cell, such as a muscle or gland cell

What is the axon

A fibre that transmits nerve signals

What is nerve impulse

A electrical message that travels along the axon of a neuron

What is the myelin

A fatty substance that acts as a insulator to stop nerve signals leaking out, and which also helps speed up the flow of information

What is the axon termainals

structures at the end of the axon that store and release neurotransmitters

What is the dendrite

neuron that typically branches from the cell body and is able to recieve information from the other neurons

What are the 3 regions of the brain

Forebrain,hindbrain,midbrain

What is the main function of the hindbrain

breathing and sleep

What does the hindbrain consist of

Cerebellum, medulla and pons

What does the midbrain involve

involved in motor control, reward-based learning and physiological arousal

What is the reticular formation

An area of the midbrain that plays a role in maintaining arousal, consciousness and motor control

What is the forebrain involved in

learning, memory, thinking and perception

What parts of the brain are in the forebrain

Hypothalamus, thalamus, the limbic systeam and cerebrum

What is the Thalamus

a filtering system for the brain and helps function arousal regulation, attention and activity

what is the hypothalamus

maintain homestasis and help emotional regulation

What is the cerebrum responsible for

Receiving and processing a range of sensory information

What does the left side of the hemisphere do

predominately verbal and anayltical

what does the right side of the hemisphere do

visual and spactical awarness

what are the 3 parts of the frontal love

Primary motor,brocas area,prefrontal lobe

what is the temporal lobe responsible for

auditory, reception as well as memory, facial recognition and emotional responses

what does the amygelala do

fear regulation

what does the hippocampus do

memory function

what does the occipital lobe do

proccessing visual stimuli

difference between brocas and wernicks

wernicks is speech comphrension and brocas is speech production

what is myelination

allows neurons to be more efficent in sending messages to other neurons

what is synapogensis

formation of new synapses between the brains neurons

what is synaptic prunning

(USE IT OR LOSE IT)

the brain forms more neural connections than it will ever use so weak or unused connections are prunned

what is adaptive plasticity

the ability of the brain to compensate for lost function and/or maximise remaining function in the event of brain injury

what is rerouting

an undamaged neuron that has lost a connection with a neuron may seek a new active neuron to connect with

what is sprouting

the growth of additional branches on axons or dendrites to enable new connections

what is mental stimulation

activity that activates neural connections and involves processing information

what is a trumatic brain injury

a brain injury caused by an external force

what is wernicks aphasia

trouble cophrending speech and producing fluent sentences.

Broca’s aphasia

characterised by a person being able to understand speech but having trouble producing fluent speech.

whats a stroke

is an acquired brain injury involving an interruption to the blood supply in the brain

what is neurological disorder

any disorder of the nervous system, including of the brain, spinal cord nerves

chronic trumatic encophalopathy

is a nuerodegenerative disease linked to repeated impacts to the head.

What is aphasia

an acquired language disroder resulting from damage to the language processing centres of the brain

Acquired brain injury

an injury resulting from damage to the brain occuring after birth at any time during life.