geography changing economic world unit-2b

Where is India located?

South Asia

Why is India important to Asia

Has the biggest population and economy

What size is India’s population

1.3 billion or 2^nd largest in the world

India political

British colony until 1947.

India, china and Pakistan land conflict

India social

Large inequality in development.

India cultural

Very diverse. 22 languages.

India environmental

Varied landscape. Mountains and desert

what is the smallest sector of Indian economy

Primary 15% of gdp

Which sector contributes most to gni

Tertiary and quaternary

Which sector is in decline

Primary

Percentage of people found in tertiary and quaternary industries

29

3 advantages of TNCs in India

• Created jobs and offered education

• Set up schemes to provide new facilities for local communities

• Improvement in infrastructure

• More tax for development projects

Disadvantage of tncs

• Bad working conditions

• Creates lots of pollution

• Owned by foreign countries, money is sent abroad

Types of international aid in India

Short term , long term, top down , bottom up

Short term aid

After sudden disasters, tents, money, food

Long term aid

Money given for a specific project over a long period of time

Top down aid

An organisation or the government decides how the aid should be used

Bottom up aid

Money of supplies are directly given to local communities so they can decide how to use the aid themselves

3 ways economic development has damaged India environment

Air pollution for burning of coal and oil

Destruction of habitat for building

More energy consumption through coal and oil

3 ways people’s quality of life has improved

More jobs with higher wages - money to get access to clean water

Amount of clean water has increased

More school - better education and training

Higher life expectancy

What does gni stand for

Gross national income

Definition of gni per capita

The gni divided by the population of a country

3 development indicators

Life expectancy

Birth rate

Literacy rate

2 problems using single development indicators birthday rate

Can be changed by government policies

Single development indicators

Death rate,

Birth rate

gni

2 problems using single development indicators gni

Gni hides information about people who are very rich or poor

Problem using single development indicators death rate

If a country has a lot of old people death rate can be higher than expected

What is a hic

Rich country

What is an lic

A poor country

What is an nee

Country’s that are getting richer rapidly

Hdi

Human development index

3 development indicators used to calculate hdi

Income (gni)

Life expectancy

Education level (average number of years in school)

What does the demographic transition model show

How birth rate and death rate affect population growth

What happens when brith rate is higher than death rate

Population increase

What happens when birth rate is lower than death rate

Population decrease

Dtm stage 1

Least developed only some tribes in Brazil.

Death and birth rate high.

Population low and steady

Dtm stage 2

Not very developed- lics

Birth rate but death rate decreased

Economy based on agriculture

Dtm stage 3

More developed countries- nees

Birth rate falls rapidly and life expectancy increases

Women working and economy based on manufacturing

Dtm stage 4 and 5

Most developed countries- hics

Birth rates low and life expectancy is high

Good standard of living

development inequality nature

A poor climate

Poor farming land

Few raw material

Lots of natural disasters

Economic uneven development

Poor trade links

Lots of debt

Economy based on primary products

History causes of uneven development

Colonisation

Conflict

Global inequality in development causes inequality in

Wealth, health

Uneven development can lead to large amounts of

Migration

Strategies That can close the development gap

Investment

Aid

Fair trade

using intermediate technology

Microfinance loans

Debt relief

How can invest close the golbal development gap

Is when people from a foreign country buy property or infastructure. Improves infrastructure and industry

How does aid close the global development gap

1. Money or resources

2. Used in development projects

3. Can be wasted by corrupt government

How does fair trade help close the development gap

Helps farmers in lics get a fair price for the goods they produce.

Can be used to boost retailers profits

Positive of tourism in Kenya

Job creation 9 million indirectly

Protection for wildlife and natural areas

Infrastructure development transport

Contributes 4% to gdp

Negatives of tourism

Unstable incomes

Economic leakage ( small amounts of money going to local communities)

Environmental damage

3 causes of economic change in the uk

Deindustrialise globalisation government policies

Deindustrialise in the uk

Uk industry is declining because of machines and other countries can produce goods cheaper than in the uk

4 main industries in the uk post industrial economy

service

finance

it

esearch

2 characterisations about local business parks

next to good transport links, near universities

how is the government trying to reduce the north south divide

creating enterprise zones, northern powerhouse project, devolving power to local communities

3 improvements in uk infrastructure that will increase economic growth 

better transport, better internet connectivity, better energy grids 

give 2 reasons why the populations in rural areas is increasing

affordable housing, access to remote work

name 3 ways the effect of industry on the physical environment can be reduced

a.       Utilising technology to reduce harmful emissions

b.        Monitoring and regulating industrial activities

c.        Implementing more stringent environmental targets

Name 3 ways the UK is connected to other countries

a.        Trade

b.        Culture

c.        Transport

Uk improving transport network

Smart motorways

Hs2

New London runway

New ports for trading

Evidence of north south divide

Wages - lower in north

Health - life expectancy in lower

Education- worse gcse grades