Kinesiology test 1

what is the anatomical reference point

erect standing position, feet slightly separated, arms hanging relaxed at the sides, palms supinated

What is the sagittal plane

splits body into right and left sides

what is the frontal plan

separated body in front and back

what is transverse plane

splits body in top and bottom

what are sagittal plane motions

flexion/extension, hyperextension, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

what are examples of frontal plane motion

abduction/ adduction, lateral flexion, elevation/ depression, radial/ulnar deviation, inversion/eversion

what are examples of transverse plane motions

left/right rotation, horizonal adduction and abduction

what is the plane and axis of a bicep curl

plane: sagittal axis: frontal

what is a frontal axis

line where sagittal plane rotations occur

what is sagittal axis

line where frontal plane occurs

what is longitudinal axis

line where transverse rotation occurs

what is plane and axis of jumping jack

plane:frontal axis: sagittal

what is plane and axis of head rotation

plane: transverse axis: longitudinal

what is a synarthrodial joint

Immovable, bones united by cartilage, fibrous tissue, bone, found in suture skulls or sockets of teeth

what is amphiarthrodial joint

slightly movable, connected by cartilage or ligaments, pubic symphysis, tibiofibular joint, etc.

what is diarthrodial joint

freely moving joint, possible motion in one or more planes, several subcategories

what happens when both bones are able to freely move

they will pull towards each other

what happens when only one bone can move freely

the movable bone will move either upward or downward

what is an isotonic muscle contraction

a muscle stimulation is accompanied by joint movement

what are the 2 types of isotonic muscle contraction

concentric and eccentric

what is a concentric muscle contraction

the applied muscular force is greater than the resistance to be overcome (flexion)

what are movements in concentric muscle contraction

the muscle shortens, what the dumbbell and arm weigh is the resistance, occurs in the opposite direction as gravity

what is an eccentric muscle contraction

the applied muscular force is less than the resistance to be overcome (extension)

what are movements in the eccentric contraction

the muscle lengthens, same direction as gravity

what is the rule for eccentric and concentric contractions

if the contraction is concentric the muscle actions should agree but if the contraction is eccentric the muscle group and joint action should be opposite

what is a parallel muscle shape

long, straplike muscles with parallel fibers

what is a convergent muscle shape

fan shapes muscle whose fibers converge at the insertion point

what is a unipennate muscle shape

fibers positioned along one side of a tendon

what is a bipennate shape

fibers positioned along both sides of a tendon

what is a multipennate shape

short fibers positioned on numerous tendinous slips

what is a sphincter muscle shape

circular, parallel fibers surrounding a body opening

what is innervation

nerve providing stimulus to the muscle system

what is the muscle origin

the least movable part, part of muscle that attaches closest to the midline of the body

what is muscle insertion

distal attachment, part of muscle that attaches furthest from center of midline to body, most moveable part

what is a muscle agonist

primary mover, muscle most involved

what is muscle antagonist

opposite action of the agonist

what is a muscle stablizer

contracts to fixate or stabilize an area so another limb/body part can move freely

what is muscle synergist

muscle that assists in the action of the agonist but is not the prime mover

what is muscle neutralizers

counteracts the action of other muscles to prevent unwanted movements

when a muscle contract does it pull or push

pulls

what are the bones in the cervical region

C1-C7

what are the bones in the thoracic region

T2-T12

what are the bones in the lumbar region

L1-L5

what goes after the lumbar region

sacrum, coccyx

where are the spinus processes located

the points that point up on spine

where are the transverse processes

points that stick out on the side of your spine

where is the superior angle located

T2

where is the inferior angle located

about T7-T8

where is the root of spine located

about T3

for upward and downward rotation where is the reference point

glenoid cavity

what is the origin of trap 1

occipital protuberance (bony part of the neck)

what is insertion of trap 1

lateral 1/3 of clavicle

what is the joint action of trap 1

elevation

what is the origin of trap 2

nuchal ligament (along neck)

what is the insertion of trap 2

acromion process of scapula

what is the joint action of trap 2

elevation, adduction, upward rotation

what is the origin of trap 3

spinus process T1-T5

what is the insertion of trap 3

midregion of scapula spine

what is the joint action of trap 3

adduction

what is the origin of trap 4

spinus process T6-T12

what is the insertion of trap 4

root of scapular spine

what is the joint action of trap 4

depression, upward rotation, adduction

what is the origin of the rhomboid

spinus processes C7-T5

what is the insertion of the rhomboid

root of scapular spine to the inferior angle on the medial border

what is the joint action of the rhomboid

elevation, adduction, downward rotation

what is the insertion of the levator scapula

medial border of scapula from the Superior angle of the spine

what is the origin of levator scapula

transverse process C1-C4

what is the joint action of the levator scapula

adduction (minor), elevation, downward rotation (weak)

what is the joint action of the pec minor

abduction, depression, downward rotation

what is the insertion of the pec minor

coracoid process

what is the origin of the pec minor

ribs 3,4,5 (anterior surface)

what is the insertion of the serratus anterior

entire medial border of scapula

what is the origin of the serratus anterior

ribs 1-9 anterior, lateral

what is the joint action of the serratus anterior

abduction, upward rotation

what is torque

tendency to rotate and magnitude determined by the product of applied force and force arm distance