UQ Final Parts 4 and 5

If California is on the east coast, then it is close to the Appalachian Mountains. California is on the east coast. Therefore, California is close to the Appalachian Mountain

Deductive - valid - not sound

If it is the afternoon, then the my fiancé’s cat Eugene is asleep by the window. It is the afternoon. Therefore, Eugene is asleep by the window

Deductive – valid – sound

Many people in Europe have parents that speak different languages. Often, children learn the languages that their parents speak. Additionally, most people in Europe also learn English in schools. So, it is pretty likely that if you have lived your whole life in Europe you speak more than one language

Inductive – strong – cogent

Sunscreen prevents the effects of aging. My mom wears sunscreen every day and she looks younger than most people her age. In conclusion, everyone who wears sunscreen will look young forever

Inductive – weak

If you go out in the rain, then you will get wet. You are wet. Therefore, you went out in the rain

Deductive - invalid

Everyone is switching to self-driving cars now, so it’s obvious you should too. If people keep resisting this change, we’ll end up stuck with outdated roads, unsafe driving conditions, and eventually a completely collapsed transportation system. Besides, self-driving cars are clearly the best option because they drive better than humans—something that’s true precisely because they’re the superior choice

Bandwagon, Slippery slope, Begging the question

Supporters of self-driving cars think humans should just surrender all control and let robots make every decision for us. But self-driving cars are unacceptable because they’re simply too dangerous to ever be safe, and we know they’re dangerous precisely because no truly safe system would rely on machines to drive. Additionally, any new transportation technology should be evaluated using clear evidence about its real-world performance and safety record

straw man, begging the question, no fallacy

People who oppose a ban on plastic bags act like giving up a flimsy convenience is equivalent to losing all personal freedom. In reality, reducing reliance on single-use plastics can significantly cut down on litter and pollution. Many communities that have implemented similar bans have seen measurable environmental improvements. And since so many cities and countries around the world have already banned plastic bags, it’s obvious we should follow their lead and do the same

straw man, no fallacy, no fallacy, bandwagon

Most shoppers still prefer plastic bags, so clearly we shouldn’t ban them since everyone agrees they’re the practical choice. Plastic bags should stay legal because they’re necessary for a functioning retail system, and we know they’re necessary precisely because stores rely on them to operate properly. Many people also find them useful for tasks at home, like lining small trash bins. A sudden ban could create inconvenience without providing an immediate, workable replacement.”

bandwagon, begging the question, no fallacy, hasty generalization