VET 400 Pain Pathway

Pain is classified into 2 categories. They are?

Physiologic and Pathologic

Physiologic pain is?

The bodies protective mechanism to avoid tissue injury

Pathologic pain is?

Pain that arises from tissues injury and inflammation or damage to nervous system

Physiologic pain is also called?

Adaptive

Pathologic pain is also called?

Maladaptive

Acute pain is?

physiologic pain arising from sudden stimulus

Ex of acute pain inlcude?

surgery, trauma, inflammation for diseases like pancreatitis

Chronic pain is?

Pathologic pain that persists beyond the time normally associated with tissue injury

Ex. of chronic pain include?

Cancer, osteoarthritis

Acute pain is divided into?

Nociceptive and neuropathic

Nociceptive pain is?

damage to normal peripheral tissues

Neuropathic pain is?

Pain resulting from damage to CNS or peripheral nerves

Ex. of nociceptive pain is?

burn or cut on hand

Ex. of neuropathic pain is?

Phantom pains in amputated limb

Transduction is?

Injury causes afferent nerve to convert stimuli into electrical energy

— nerves carry info to the CNS/brain

afferent

Transduction can be inhibited by?

local anesthetics, opioids, or NSAIDs

Transmission is?

Pain signal travels to dorsal horn of spinal cord (CNS)a

The 3 nerve fibers involved in transmission are?

A-Delta, C, and A-Beta

A-Delta nerve fibers involve?

sharp, stabbing pain

C (slow) nerve fibers involve?

dull, throbbing pain

A-Beta fiber involve?

Tactile sense —> know you are touching table

Transmission can be inhibited by?

local anesthetics and alpha 2 adrenergic agonist

Modulation is?

Where spinal cord decides if it needs to increase or decrease pain signal before telling the brain

Modulation can be inhibited by?

Local anesthetics, alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, opioids, NSAIDs, Dissociatives

Perception is?

Brain’s response to pain and how it perceives that pain

When do animals “feel” pain?

When pain signal has reached the brain

Neuroma is?

abnormal nerve regeneration that results from it not healing appropriately and causes tissue to spit out chemical and electrical signal which causes pain

Most common site for a neuroma is?

The tail

How does pain become chronic?

have initial stimulation —> prolonged stimulation ( b/c no pain management/length of recovery) —> body becomes used to pain —> modifies NS (neuroplasticity)

Signs of pain in animals includes?

Change in personality, abnormal vocalization, change in facial expression, teeth grinding, licking/biting/scratching pain area, change in posture/ambulation