Animal Div Test 2

TAZONGNOMY

Arthropod root words meaning

arthro = Jointed

poda = foots

Arthropods are the most diverse multicellular phylum, true or false?

True

What are some pros and cons of Arthropods?

Pros: Food source, pollinators

Cons: Disease, crop failure

What is the exoskeleton or cuticle comprised of?

Chitin

What is the process of shedding the exoskeleton called?

Ecdysis

What chemical (aside from Chitin) is in some exoskeletons to strengthen them?

Calcium salts

What are the segmented body parts of an arthropod called (Generally)

Tagmata (plural) or tagma (singular)

What are the 3 typical tagma of an insect?

Head, abdomen, thorax

What are some possible purposes for an insects jointed appendages?

Walking, claws, swimming, web spinning

(They’re highly modifiable)

How do all arthropods respirate?

The use of spiracles and a tracheal system

Why is metamorphosis, which is nearly unique in arthropods, beneficial?

Metamorphosis allows you to take advantage of multiple niches

What are the four extant subphyla of Phylum Arthropoda?

Chelicerata

Myriapoda

Crustacea

Hexapoda

What is the extinct subphyla of Phylum Arthropoda?

Trilobata (went extinct \~250 mya)

What are the two possible kinds of appendages in arthropods?

Uniramous and Biramous

What two subphyla of Arthropoda have uniramous appendages?

Myriapoda and Hexapoda

What two subphyla of Arthropoda have biramous appendages?

Chelicerata and Crustacea

What kind of animals are in Subphylum Chelicerata?

Horseshoe crabs, spiders, mites, and scorpions

What is the defining characteristic of Subphylum Chelicerata?

A set of venom deploying mouthparts referred to as “chelicerae”

What are the Classes in Subphylum Chelicerata that we need to know?

Class Xiphosaurida

Class Arachnida

Class Xiphosaurida (list Subphylum, animals, and characteristics)

* In Subphylum Chelicerata
* Includes Horseshoe Crabs
* Characterized by a Telson (small tail)

Class Arachnida (list Subphylum and animals)

* In Subphylum Chelicerata
* over 100,000 + species, including spiders, scorpions, whip spiders, ticks, and pseudoscorpions

What are the orders in class Arachnida we need to know?

Order Araneae

Order Scorpoinida

Order Solifugae

Order Opiliones

Order Acari

Order Araneae (List Class, animals, and characteristics)

* Class Arachnida
* Includes Spiders
* All are predators with venom and simple eyes and they can spin silk (they have special silk glands)

What are the Genuses in Order Araneae we need to know?

Genus Latrodectus

Genus Loxosceles

Genus Latrodectus (Toxin kind)

Neurotoxic

Genus Loxosceles (Toxin kind)

Myotoxic

Order Scorpionida (List Class, animals, and characteristics)

* In Class Arachnida
* Includes Scorpions
* Members are nocturnal, thignotactic
* All are carnivores with pedipalps to invenomate
* They carry their babies on their backs

What does Thignotactic mean?

That a creature prefers living in tight places

What are pedipalps?

An extra set of pincers on some members of Subphylum Chelicerata (including Class Scorpoinida) that is used to invenomate prey

Order Solfugae (list Class and animals)

* In class Arachnida
* Includes camel spiders

Order Opiliones (list Class and animals)

* In Class Arachnida
* Daddy long legs (also called harvestmen)

Order Acari (list Class, animals, and characteristics)

* In class Aracnida
* Includes Ticks and Mites
* All have fused tagmata, and are big vectors for several diseases (including lymes disease, rocky mountain spotted fever, spontaneous meat allergies)

What kind of animals are in subphylum Myriapoda?

Millipedes and centipedes

What do the roots of Myriapoda mean?

myria = many

poda = feet

“many feets”

What are the Classes in Subphylum Myriapoda?

Class Chilopoda

Class Diplopoda

Class Chilopoda (List Subphylum, animals, and characteristics)

* In Subphylum Myriapoda
* Includes Centipedes
* Are violent, venomous predators with 1 pair of legs per segment, and are dorsoventrally flattened.

Class Diplopoda (List Subphylum, animals, and characteristics)

* In Subphylum Myriapoda
* Includes Millipedes
* They have 2 pairs of legs per segment (minus the first 4 segments which have 1), they decompose leaf litter, and they exude a noxious musk

What kind of animals are in subphylum Crustacea?

Copepods, Barnicles, shrimp, Isopods, crabs, lobsters

What are some defining charactersitcs of Subphylum Crustacea?

* 2 pairs of antennae
* Covered in a carapace
* Biramous

What is a Chella?

The first leg or claw of a member of subphylum Crustacea

What Classes in Subphylum Crustacea do we need to know?

Class Copepoda

Class Thecostraca

Class Malacostraca

Class Copepoda root words meaning

cope = oar

poda = foots

Why is class Copepoda important?

They are the bottom of many freshwater food webs

What subphylum is class copepoda in?

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Thecostraca (List Subphylum, animals, and characteristics)

* In Subphylum Crustacea
* Includes Barnacles
* Sessile in adult form, motile in larvae

Class Malacostraca (List Subphylum and animals)

* In Subphylum Crustacea
* Includes crabs, lobsters, Isopods and shrimps

What kind of animals are in Subphylum Hexapoda?

Insects and springtails

What are the defining characteristics of subphylum Hexapoda?

3 tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen)

Uniramous

What classes in Subphylum Hexapoda are we supposed to know?

Class Entognatha

Class Insecta

What animals are in class Entognatha?

Springtails

What are the defining Characteristics of class insecta?

* Very diverse (1 million described species)
* 3 pairs of wings and 2 legs
* Waxy cuticle and closeable spiracles make for protection against water loss
* Can go dormant to survive harmful conditions (diapause)
* Use Pheremones
* Go through Metamorphosis

What do Members of Class insecta have instead of blood?

Hemolymph (for nutrients and hormones, not O2)

What are conspecifics?

Members of the same species

What are the two kinds of metamorphosis?

Holometabolus and Hemimetabolus

What is Holometabolus metamorphosis?

A complete change in body form

What is hemimetabolus metamorphosis?

An incomplete change in body form

What is Polymorhpism?

When Members of a species develop roles and morphologies for these roles (in social insects)

Order Ephemeroptera (List Class, Animals, and characteristics)

* In class insecta
* includes mayflies
* Indicator of water quality

Order Odonata (List Class, Animals, root meaning, and characteristics)

* In class insecta
* includes dragonflies and damsel flies
* means “toothy”
* Have a long, hinged labrum

Order orthoptera (List Class, Animals, and root meaning)

* In class insecta
* Includes grasshoppers,crickets, locusts, and katydids
* means “Straight winged”

Order Blattodea (List class and animals)

* In class insecta
* Cockroaches

Order Phasmatodea (List Class, Animals, root meaning, and characteristics)

* In class insecta
* Includes walking sticks and leaf bugs
* Means “ghost insects”
* heavy camoflague

Order Mantodea (list class and animals)

* In class insecta
* Includes mantises

Order Plecoptera (List Class, Animals, and root meaning)

* In class insecta
* includes the stoneflies
* Means “folded wings”

Order isoptera (List Class, Animals, root meaning, and characteristics)

* In class insecta
* includes the termites
* Means “equal wing”
* Have a fused thorax and abdomen and are social

Order Hemiptera (List Class, Animals, root meaning, and characteristics)

* In class insecta
* Includes the true bugs
* Means “half wings”
* Have a piercing, sucking mouthpart

Order Neuroptera (List Class, Animals, and root meaning)

* In class insecta
* Includes Dobsonflies, ant lions, and lace wings
* Means “Nerve wing”

Order coleoptera (List Class, Animals, root meaning, and characteristics)

* In class insecta
* Includes beetles
* Means “sheath wings”
* Most abundant species out of any animal order

Order lepidoptera (List Class, Animals, root meaning, and characteristics)

* In class insecta
* Includes butterflies and moths
* means “scale wings”
* Have scaley wings and are holometabolus metamorphosizers

Order diptera (List Class, Animals, and root meaning)

* In class insecta
* includes flies and mosquitos
* means “two wings”

Order Trichoptera (List Class, and animals)

* In class insecta
* includes caddisflies

Order Hymenoptera(List Class and animals)

* In class insecta
* includes ants, bees, and wasps

What phylum are fish in?

Chordata

What superclasses of fish in Phylum Chordata do we need to know?

Agnatha

Osteichthyes

Chondricthyes

Superclass agnatha (List Animals, root meaning, and characteristics)

* Includes Hagfishes and Lampreys
* Means “without jaws”
* Have 4 hearts and no bones
* very old

Superclass Chondrichthyes (List Animals, root meaning, and characteristics)

* Includes Sharks, skates and rays
* Means “no Bones”
* Have a lateral line for sense
* Placoid scales of dentin
* internal fertilization
* Have ampullae of Lorenzini (electro sensors)

Superclass Osteichthyes (List Animals, root meaning, and characteristics)

* Includes all boney fishes


* means “bony fishes”
* All tetrapods descend from
* Have a swim bladder
* Endochondral bones (internal cartilage bones)
* Have an operculum over gills

What are the two possible kinds of fishes in superclass osteichthyes?

Ray finned or lobe finned fishes

What are the filaments in gills made up of?

Lameli

What is catadromous migration?

Migration from freshwater to saltwater

What is anadromous migration?

Migration from saltwater to freshwater?

What is oviparous?

Egg birth

What is viviparous?

Live birth

What is Ovoviviparous?

live birth from internal eggs

Order Perciformes (List Class, Animals)

* In Superclass Osteichthyes
* Includes most freshwater fish

Family Percidae (List order and animals)

* In Order Perciformes
* Includes perch and darters

Family Centrarchidae (List order and animals)

* In order perciformes
* Includes sunfish and bass

Order Cypriniformes/ Family Cyprinidae (List Class and Animals)

* In superclass osteichthyes
* Includes Carps, minnows, goldfish and chubs

Order Lophiiformes (List Class and Animals)

* In superclass osteichthyes
* includes Anglerfish

Order Siluriformes (List Class and Animals)

* In superclass osteichthyes
* Includes catfish

Family Ictaluridae (List Order and Animals)

* In order Siluriformes
* Includes north american catfish

Order Amiiformes/family amiidae (List Class and Animals)

* In Superclass osteichthyes
* Includes Bowfinned fishes

Order Anguilliformes/ Family Anguilidae (List Class and Animals)

* In superclass Osteichthyes
* Includes eels

Order Salmoniformes/ Family Salmonidae (List Class and Animals)

* In superclass osteichthyes
* Includes salmon and trout