primers 3

null allele

loss of function, where the protein function is completely lost

hypomorph allele

partial loss of function, some protein function is still present

dominant allele

single of the allele results in a phenotype

codominance

effects of both alleles can be seen at the phenotypic level at the same time

incomplete dominance

effects of both alleles are blended together

penetrance

probability that a genotype is expressed in the phenotype

complete penetrance

all individuals with the genotype express the phenotype

incomplete penetrance

only some individuals with a genotype express the phenotype

expressivity

variability of the phenotype associated with a certain genotype

recessive epistasis

when the double mutant looks like one of the single mutants