Lecture_9_Reading_2024__Auto-saved_

Reading is a complex skill

Involves processing information about spelling, sounds, and meanings of words as well as higher-level comprehension processes.

Lexical decision task

A method where individuals decide as rapidly as possible if a string of letters forms a word.

Priming

Influencing the processing of and response to a target by presenting a stimulus related to it beforehand.

Phonological processing

The use of sounds in understanding and processing language, which can occur rapidly and is essential for word identification.

Dual-Route Cascaded Model

A model suggesting that reading involves both non-lexical and lexical routes for processing words.

Surface dyslexia

A condition where individuals struggle to read irregular words due to reliance on phonetic decoding.

Interactive Activation Model

A model suggesting that word identification is partly dependent on activation from orthographic neighbors.

Semantic priming effect

A phenomenon where the meaning of a word facilitates the processing of a related word.

Eye movements in reading

Saccades (rapid jerks between fixations) and fixations (short pauses where information is processed) are essential for understanding text.

Words per minute reading rate for college students

A measure often assessed to understand reading fluency.

Deep Dyslexia

A reading disorder characterized by difficulties in reading unfamiliar words and nonwords, often with semantic errors.

E–Z Reader Model

A model that describes how readers check word familiarity and complete lexical access before moving to the next word.

Phonological dyslexia

A condition characterized by difficulties in reading unfamiliar and nonwords due to impaired phonological processing.

Research methods for studying reading

Include naming, lexical decision tasks, priming, and recording eye movements.

Reading's evolutionary perspective

Understanding that reading is a relatively recent development when compared to speech perception.

Consequences of not reading

Lack of reading skills is associated with social disadvantages.

Word Recognition: Automatic Processing Theory

The theory that word identification occurs quickly and is largely automatic.

Perceptual span

The effective field of view during reading, extending a few letters to the left and many letters to the right of the fixation.

Conjunctions in reading

Words such as 'and', 'but', and 'or' that serve to connect clauses or words.

Distributed Connectionist Approach

A model suggesting that all information—orthographic, phonological, and semantic—is used to read words and nonwords.