AP World Units 1 and 2 Test

Pure Land School of Buddhism

One of the most popular forms on Buddhism in China that involved faithfully repeating the name of Amitabha Buddha to ensure rebirth in the Pure Land.

An Lushan Rebellion

The turning point in China away from Buddhism from 755-763 in which a general of foreign origin led a major revolt against the Tang Dynasty, triggering a xenophobic reaction amongst upper class Chinese.

Ulama

Learned scholars that served as judges, interpreters, administrators, prayer leaders, and reciters of the Quran.

Madrassas

Formal colleges that offered more advanced instructions in the Quran and the sayings of Muhammad, LAW, grammar and rhetoric, theology, mathematics, medicine, and sometimes philosophy.

Sufis

An Islamic group lead by Sufi shaykhs/teachers with unique devotional practices and techniques of personal transformation.

The hajj

The grand pilgrimage to Mecca where men and women all over the Islamic world joined together to rehearse the central elements of their faith.

Baghdad

The capital of the Abbasid Empire established in 756 fostering half a million people.

House of Wisdom

Academic center for research and translation in Baghdad where scholars got together and exchanged information.

Neo-Confucianism

An effort to revive Confucian thinking while incorporating elements of Daoism, and Buddhism.

Censorate

Agency that watched over the rest of the government, checking on the character and competence of public officials.

Hangzhou (Song capital)

Capital of the Song dynasty, home to half a million people.

Foot binding

Practice involving tight wrapping and breaking the bones of young girls’ feet. It was associated with female beauty emphasizing small size and frailty. Also distinguished Chinese women from barbarian counterparts and elite women from commoners and peasants.

“middle kingdom”

Understanding that China was the center of the world, infinitely superior to barbarians beyond its borders.

kowtow

Series of ritual bowings, prostrations, submission, and presentation of their tribute to the Chinese emperor in exchange for permission to trade in China’s rich market. Regulated relationships northern nomads, neighboring states, and after 1500 with European barbarians.

Xiongnu

Early nomadic confederacy established about the same time as the Han dynasty + reaching from Manchuria to Centeral Asia. Raids into northern China convinced the Chinese emperor to negotiate an arrangement recognizing nomadic state as political equal, promised a princess in marriage, and agreed to supply with grain, wine, and silk.

Sultanate of Delhi

1206-1526, number of Muslim dynasties ruling northern India as the Delhi sultanate, while an explicitly Hindu kingdom Vijayanagar arose in south after 1340. It drew on north Indian Muslim architectural features and made use of Muslim mercenaries for its military forces.

Kabir

Mystic poet who wrote that God was to be found within your heart.

Sikhism

Timbuktu

Mexica

Triple Alliance

Tenochtitlan

Chinampas, aka “floating gardens”

Huitzilopochtli

Quechua

Gender Parallelism

Yuan Dynasty

Khubilai Khan

Hulegu

Khutulun

Kipchak Khanate/ Golden Horde

Monsoon winds

Swahili language

Great Zimbabwe

Jenne-Jeno

Camel caravans

Dar al Islam

Caliph

Civil Service Exams

Hindu Devotional Cults

Angkor

Mansa Musa

Trans Saharan Trade

Bantu

Swahili

Zanj Revolt

Feudalism

Black Death

The Crusades

Mita

Quipus

Champa Rice

Islamic Agricultural Revolution