Spanish tenses - quick revision

AR verb endings (pres subj)

-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en.

-ER and IR verb endings (pres subj)

a, as, a, amos, áis, an.

when is spanish subj used?

express doubt

wishes, desires, requests → querer que + pedir que

after ‘cuando’

after ‘para que’ when it means ‘in order to’

when to use imperative?

giving commands, instructions, advice

imperative endings for -AR (affirmative)

tú = a

usted = e

ustedes = en

nosotros = emos

vosotros = id

imperative endings for -ER/-IR (affirmative)

tú = e

usted = a

ustedes = an

nosotros = amos

vosotros = ad

imperative forms for - AR (negative)

tú = es

usted = e

ustedes = en

nosotros = emos

imperative forms for -ER/-IR (negative)

tú = as

usted = a

ustedes = an

nosotros = amos

pretérito perfecto equation

presente de haber + participo (on second verb)

conjugasions (pret perf)

he

has

ha (-ar) - ado

hemos + (-er) -ido

habéis (-ir) -ido

han

‘estilo indirecto’ meaning?

repeating something that person 1 has said, to person 2, (when person 2 wasn’t present.)

Alex: I am tired.

Emma: Alex says/said she was/is tired.

estilo indirecto (non-changing scenarios)

present ‘he says that…’

present perfect ‘he has said that…’

future ‘he will say that…’

you don’t have to change the verb tense of the original sentence.

estilo indirecto

presente perfecto → pluscuamperfecto

pretérito → pluscuamperfecto

pluscuamperfecto

pronoun + haber (imperfecto) + participo pasado

yo + había + comido

tú + habías + comido

él/ella/usted + había + comido

nosotros + habíamos + comido

vosotros + habíais + comido

ellos/ellas/ustedes + habían + comido