APES Unit 7 Vocab

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29 Terms

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combustion

exothermic chemical process where fuel reacts with an oxidant (usually oxygen) producing heat and often light (usually fire)

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industrial smog

formed by the emission of pollutants from industrial processes and the burning of fossil fuels

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photochemical smog

smog caused by chemical reactions between sunlight, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds

results in air containing high levels of ozone near ground level.

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decibel

unit used to measure the intensity or loudness of a sound

logarithmic scale

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acid rain

rainfall that has become acidic due to atmospheric pollution containing sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)

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ground level ozone

secondary pollutant formed by the reaction of sunlight with NOx and VOCs in the presence of heat

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air quality

condition of the air in terms of its level of pollution

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noise pollution

excessive/disturbing noise that can have negative effects on human health and the environment

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clean air act

passed in 1972 & 1963

set standards for allowable levels of pollutants and require industries to use pollution control technologies

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environmental protection agency (EPA)

federal agency established in 1970 that is responsible for protecting human health and the environment

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lead

heavy metal that is toxic when ingested or inhaled

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primary pollutant

directly emitted into the environment from human activities or natural source

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secondary pollutant

harmful substances that form in the atmosphere through chemical reactions involving primary pollutants (like NOx)

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volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

organic compounds that easily evaporate at room temperature and can be found in various household products (e.g. paints, cleaning agents, and solvents)

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peroxyacetyl nitrates (PANs)

secondary pollutants formed by chemical reactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)

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thermal inversion

weather phenomenon where a layer of warm air traps cold air and pollutants near the Earth's surface

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sick building syndrome

condition where occupants experience acute health effects or discomfort while spending time in a particular building

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particulate matter (PMs)

tiny solid or liquid particles suspended in the air, such as dust, soot, and smoke

harmful when inhaled

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carbon monoxide

gas that forms when carbon-based fuels such as gasoline, oil, coal, or wood do not burn completely

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criteria air pollutants

set of air pollutant regulated by the EPA

NOSCLP - NOx, ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead, & particulate matter (PM)

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asbestos

group of naturally occurring minerals that are made up of long, thin fibers

causes lung problems when inhaled (i.e. mesothelioma)

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radon

radioactive gas that occurs naturally from the decay of uranium in soil, rocks, and water

seeps into buildings and accumulate to dangerous levels, increasing risks of lung cancer

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vapor recovery nozzle

used at gasoline stations to capture harmful gasoline vapors that would otherwise be released into the atmosphere during refueling

reduces the escape of VOCs

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catalytic converter

used in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine to reduce harmful emissions by converting them into less harmful substances

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wet/dry scrubbers

wet - channel the exhaust through a chamber that is spraying scrubbing liquid (usually water)

dry - dry reagents to neutralize or convert exhaust gases

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electrostatic precipitators

device used to remove particulate matter from industrial exhaust gases by using an electric charge to attract and collect the particles

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sulfur dioxide

gas that is released into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels, particularly coal and oil

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nitrogen oxides

highly reactive gases composed of nitrogen and oxygen atoms

primarily produced from combustion processes such as burning fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants, and industrial facilities

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limestone

used to increase soil's pH, making the soil less acidic and more alkaline