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diffusion
the net movement of molecules and ions from region of higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a result of their random movement.扩散
osmosis
the diffusion of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution, through a partially permeable membrane.渗透
partially permeable membrane
A membrane that is permeable to certain substances, such as water, but is not permeable to other substances.半透膜
active transport
the movement of molecules and ions in or out of a cell through the cell membrane against a concentration gradient using energy from respiration.主动运输
turgid
A plant cell that is "blown-up" tight and firm from water. The turgidity of its cells helps a plant that has no wood in it to stay upright and keeps the leaves firm. Plant cells are usually turgid.紧实的
plasmolyzed
Cytoplasm shrinks and membrane pulls away from cell wall when water leaves the cell (hypertonic solution)质壁分离
flaccid
(adj.) limp, not firm or strong (If a plant is not watered enough, its leaves become droopy and _____.)adj. 软弱的；弛缓的；无活力的
isotonic
When the concentration of two solutions is the same等渗溶液
hypertonic
Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.
Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to lose water.高渗溶液
hypotonic
In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with a lower solute concentration. Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to take in water.低渗溶液
solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
solvent
In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves.溶剂
solution
A homogenous mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.溶液
concentrated
Describes a solution that has a relatively large amount of dissolved solute高浓度
dilute
Having a relatively low concentration of solute in a mixture稀的
ionic bonds
Bond formed by a transfer of one or more electrons from an atom to another ex: NaCl离子键
covalent bonds
a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons共价键
surface tension
attraction between the surface molecules in a liquid表面张力
hydrogen bonding
Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom氢健
saturated
a solution that has reached its maximum solubility饱和的
facillitated diffusion
when transport proteins make room for larger substances to pass through cell membrane协助扩散
passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell被动运输
concentration gradient
A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.浓度梯度
