APUSH Period 2

Spanish Colonies

St. Augustine, Santa Fe and San Diego

French Colonies

found in the Great Lakes region, traded fur with the Native Americans, got along well with the Natives

Dutch Colonies

New Amsterdam colony, taken over by English, founded for trade

Enclosure Movement

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.

Virginia Company

a joint-stock company that founded the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607

John Rolfe

developed a variety of tobacco that became popular in Europe and a profitable crop

headright system

provided 50 acres of land, called a headright, to any settler or to anyone who paid for passage for a settler to the colony

Pilgrims

English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620

Lord Baltimore

1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.

Act of Toleration

a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians

Roger Williams

He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. Allowed Catholics, Quakers, and Jews to worship freely

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

first written constitution in America

Halfway Covenant

A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church.

William Penn

Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania

James Oglethorpe

Founder of Georgia

House of Burgesses

1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America.

Mayflower Compact

this was an early form of self-government and a rudimentary written constitution

Triangular Trade

A system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

Navigation Acts

Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England.

King Philip's War

War in response to English settlers encroaching on the American Indians' lands, eventually, the colonial forces and their Indian allies prevailed, killing Metacom

Bacons Rebellion

A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in an attemp to gain more land

Pueblo Revolt

Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt

Indentured Servants

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

Scotch-Irish

These English-speaking people emigrated from northern Ireland. They were known as Scotch-Irish because their ancestors had moved to Ireland from Scotland. By 1775, they comprised 7 percent of the colonial population. (p.46)

Johnathan Edwards

Helped start great awakening and wrote sinners in the hands of an angry god

George Whitefield

Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights."

New England Town Meetings

Democratic style of government. Towns and cities grew around gathering places, and allowed mass participation in politics.

Zenger Trial

New York libel case against John Peter Zenger. Established the principle of Freedom of the Press

Stono Rebellion

The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period which occurred in 1739 in South Carolina.

First Great Awakening

Religious revival in the colonies in 1730s and 1740s; Religious splits in the colonies became deeper and challenged traditional authority

Salutory Neglect

The British policy of the 17th century in which the British were lax in the enforcement of laws in the colonies, allowing the colonies to develop without much interference from the British government.