Abeka Grade 7 Science Test 11

seed-tree method

What method of tree harvesting involves removing all but a few selected trees?

abscission layer

What forms at the base of a petiole to sever a leaf from a branch?

lenticels

What structure on a stem allow air to enter the stem and provide for respiration?

internode

What is the portion of a stem between two leaves or two places where leaves once grew?

coast redwood

What is the tallest trees species?

bristlecone pines

What are the oldest known organisms on earth?

hardwood trees

What is another name for broadleaf trees?

adventitious root

Which type of root grows from a plant's stem, branches, leaves, or mature wood roots?

cycad

What type of gymnosperm has no branches and frond-like leaves?

sustained yield managemant

What system of forest management causes the forest to grow more high quality tree that mature faster than they normally would?

two

In a dichotomous identification key, how many choices are there at each question?

sap-sucking insect

What type of insect has a strong beak that is uses to pierce the plant's stem?

wood-eating insect

What type of insect either kills the tree or weakens it so that the wind can easily blow it over?

springwood

An annual growth ring is made of two layers, a lighter outer layer with large vessels and a darker inner layer with smaller vessels. What is the lighter outer layer called?

pith

What is the food-storing central core of a young woody stem?

bark

What is the rough outer covering of a tree?

evergreen

What term refers to trees that keep their leaves year round?

conifers

What are the most common gymnosperms?

forestry

What is the science of managing and studying forests called?

leaf scar

Once a leaf falls off, what is all that remains on the tree?

tree harvesting

What is the process of removing trees for human use?

trunk

What is the main stem of a tree called?

carbon-oxygen cycle

What system recycles carbon and oxygen in the environment?

slash

What is the debris that loggers leave on the forest floor called?

vascular cambium

What is the ring of growth cells that separates a tree's bark from the woody tissues?

northern forest

the largest forest region

southern forest

the most heavily managed forest region

central broadleaf forest

contains the greatest variety of tree species

Pacific coast forest

produces the largest percentage of wood and paper products

Rocky Mountain forest

extends from Canada to Mexico

southern forest

stretches from Delaware to Florida and west to Oklahoma and Texas

cacti (or cactuses)

The spiny trees especially designed for life in the desert are called ? .

tree line

The point beyond which conditions are unsuitable for tree growth is the ? .

canopy

A forest differs from a woodland because a forest has a top layer of interlaced leaves called the ? .

node

A point on a stem that a leaf grows from is a(n) ? .

source

An object that produces carbon dioxide is a carbon ? .

deciduous

A tree that loses its leaves in the fall and remains bare in the winter is a(n) ? tree.

wood

The main tissue of a tree trunk is called ? .

primary

Growth of a tree in length is ? growth.

surface

The type of fire that burns the bottom portion and lower limbs of a tree and the surrounding shrubbery is a(n) ? fire.

old-growth

A forest that has trees of many different ages and has many fallen, dead trees is a(n) ? forest.

secondary

Growth of a stem in diameter is called ? growth.

secondary forest

Skylar's grandparents live on an old farm. Since her grandparents do not grow crops on the farm, they have allowed some of the fields to grow up into a forest. What type of forest is this?

gall-making insect

While observing the trees in your backyard, you notice one of the trees is producing abnormal growths. Which type of insect is infecting this tree?

cuticle

When a leaf has too much water inside itself, it allows the water to leave through pores called stoma. What structure keeps water from leaving the leaf when the stoma are closed?

clear-cutting

A landowner wishes to harvest a stand of loblolly pine and grow a new stand. A forester recommends that all of the trees be removed at the same time. What method of tree harvesting is this?

A shrub has several equally large stems instead of one main stem

Which of the following statements best explains the difference between a tree and a shrub?

spreading

true/false A tree with several main branches close to the ground has spire-like branching.

heartwood

true/false The hard, inactive, dead wood of a tree is the sapwood.

true

true/false The type of leaves that contain more chlorophyll and are found at the bottom of the tree are called shade leaves.

sink

true/false Any system or objects that absorbs carbon dioxide from the environment is called a carbon source.

true

true/false A root that goes deep into the ground and has secondary roots branching off the main root is a taproot.

terminal

true/false The structure that allows a twig to grow in length is a lateral bud.

prescribed

true/false Setting fire to a forest under controlled conditions is headfire burning.

true

true/false The scientific restoration of forests is called reforestation.

lateral

true/false A stem produces new branches using terminal buds.

true

true/false The top portion of a tree, which includes the branches and leaves, is the crown.

-Water flows upward to the leaves through the xylem, tissue, which is located in the wood.

-Food flows downward to the roots through the phloem tissue, which is located in the bark.

-When a tree's trunk is girdled, the phloem in the bark is removed, keeping food from flowing down to the roots. Since the wood is undamaged, water can still flow up to the leaves.

Sometimes, an animal will girdle a tree by eating a ring of bark all the way around the trunk. When the trunk has been girdled in this way, the leaves can still receive the water from the roots that they need for photosynthesis, but the roots can no longer receive food from the leaves. Explain why this is; relate your answer to the two main types of plant vascular tissues.