cell structure and function

plasma membrane function

gives structure, allows things to move to and from the cell (active/passive)

nucleus function

stores DNA, almost all cells have it

mitochondrion function

ATP production

endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes function

protein construction

golgi apparatus function

packages and transports proteins out of the cell

lysosomes function

break down waste (cleanup crew)

what builds the membrane?

phospholipids

proteins

cholesterol

carbohydrates

phospholipids function

blocks most water-soluble molecules

proteins function

channels, carriers, and receptors

cholesterol function

keeps the membrane from being too rigid or too loose

carbohydrates function

act as the cell’s ID markers

what is passive transport?

no energy needed

high → low concentration

ex: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

what is active transport?

requires ATP

low → high concentration

ex: sodium-potassium pump, endocytosis, exocytosis

what is a direct route to disease?

a faulty Na+/K+ pump or a defective receptor