SciOly

Vision

Approximately 70% of sensory receptors are located in the eyes.

Protective structures of the eye

Include eyebrows, eyelids, and the conjunctiva, which helps prevent drying.

Photoreceptors

In the retina convert light into electrical signals processed by the occipital lobe.

Cochlea

Contains hair cells that convert sound waves into electrical signals for interpretation by the brain.

Semicircular canals

Maintain balance by detecting head movements and gravity.

Sympathetic Division

Increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and prepares the body for action.

Neurotransmitter Norepinephrine

Also known as Noradrenaline.

Parasympathetic Division

Slows heart rate, conserves energy, and restores the body to a state of calm.

Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine

Involved in the Parasympathetic Division.

Outbreak

Sudden increase in cases in a small area.

Epidemic

Larger outbreak in a region.

Pandemic

Worldwide spread of a disease.

Health Surveillance Steps

Data Collection, Analysis, Interpretation, Dissemination, Action.

Types of Health Surveillance

Active, Passive, Sentinel, Syndromic, Enhanced.

Circadian Rhythm Disorders

Sleep-wake cycle issues, such as delayed sleep phase syndrome.

Parasomnias

Abnormal behaviors during sleep, including sleepwalking and REM sleep behavior disorder.

Nociceptors

Types include mechanical, thermal, polymodal, and silent nociceptors, which are responsible for detecting pain from various stimuli.

Synthesis Reactions

Combining two or more substances to form a single product. Example: N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3.

Decomposition Reactions

One substance breaks down into two or more substances. Example: 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2.

Single Replacement Reactions

An element replaces another in a compound. Example: Zn + CuCl2 → ZnCl2 + Cu.

Double Replacement Reactions

Exchange of partners between compounds.

Ohm's Law

V = IR.

Kirchhoff's Laws

KCL (current law) states the total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving; KVL (voltage law) states the sum of all electrical potential differences in a closed circuit is zero.

Michael Faraday

Known for discoveries in electromagnetism and electrolysis.

Nikola Tesla

Contributions included advancements in electrical systems and wireless transmission.

Alessandro Volta

Inventor of the first electric battery, contributing to the development of electrical potential.

Winter Storms

Types include heavy snowstorms, sleet, and blizzards characterized by strong winds and low visibility.

Drought

Results in reduced water availability, affecting agriculture and ecosystems.

Dust storms

Can severely impact air quality and visibility, particularly in arid regions.

Nebulae

Serve as the birthplaces of stars, composed of gas and dust.

Life Cycle of Stars

Stages include stellar formation, main sequence, red giant, and eventual supernova or white dwarf formation.