sports med final

teres minor, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscapularis

FOOSH

fall on outstretched hand

MOI for SC Joint disfunction

FOOSH

AC Joint

acromioclavicular

observations of SC joint dysfunction

edema, ecchymosis

what type of SC joint dysfunction is considered a medical emergency? and why

posteriorly because it is a risk to neurovascular supply

AC joint treatment for grade 1 and 2

conservative

 Immobilization/Sling

 Cortisone/corticosteroids

 PF (pain free) ROM progress to strengthen

AC joint treatment for grade 3

Surgical

 Cosmetic vs. function

 Long Term outcomes

 Immobilization

 Progression...

SLAP

superior labrum anterior to posterior lesion

type 1 SLAP

fraying of labrum

type 2 slap

avulsion of labrum

most common fracture in elbow forearm and why

olecranon because it is predisposed to a direct blow

radial head fracture MOI, common injury with, what happens if displaced

MOI: FOOSH

occurs with elbow dislocation

displacement= surgery

forearm fracture described by:

open or closed, simple or compound

what is key to note when dealing with forearm fracture?

capillary refill, distal pulse, check near

does Molly reduce elbow dislocations? why or why not

NO, too risky, compression of nerves+ blood vessels: Molly only does patellas or phalanges

ulcer collateral ligament sprain MOI

secondary to valgus load

RCL

radial collateral ligament

is RCL sprain common or not? why

less common because the body is a natural shield to varus movement

medial epicondylitis, what activities cause

swift snapping of wrist & pronation of forearm; ex. volleyball, pitching, tennis

little leagues elbow

medial epicondylitis apophysitis ; avulsion of the common tendon

entrapment of nerves, 3 ways

anatomical tissues, scar tissue, muscular

nerve pathology

ape hand

causes of ape hand

median nerve neuropathy

cause of bishop’s deformity

inhibition of ulnar nerve

bishop’s deformity

claw hand

cause of claw hand

ulnar and median nerve involvement

trigger finger impairment

stenosing tenosynovitis that forms a nodule in a flexor tendon, not allowing full extension

colle’s fracture

describes any distal radial fracture

what percentage of carpal fractures are scaphoid?

70% because it’s a bony block to wristt extension

scaphoid blood supplly

only has blood supply coming from the distal end

MOI of scaphoid fracture

FOOSH, forceful hyperextension

TFCC

triangular fibrocartilage complex

carpal tunnel results from

median nerve compression

MOI of carpal tunnel

insidious onset, typing, any repetitive hand motions

DeQuervain’s syndrome

Stenosing Tenosynovitis of the

muscles: extensor

pollicis brevis /abductor

pollicis longus

ringworm

dermatophytes, aka ringworm fungi

most common ribs fractured

5-9

pnuemothorax

accumulation of air in the plural cavity

spontaneous pnuemothorax

occurs when a bleb (large sac filled w/air or fluid with potential to rupture) ruptures and allow air leak into pleural cavity

tension pneumothorax

spontaneous pneumothorax doesn’t close or due to a blunt or penetrating trauma; air enters the pleural cavity but cant exit

if unchecked = death (pressure on opp lung, heart and major arteries)

hemothorax

blood in pleural cavity

what organ is at risk if hit and the person has mono

SPLEEN

3 signs of shock

rapid weak pulse

decreased blood pressure

rapid, shallow breathing

excessive thirst

nausea and vomiting

pale, bluish skin

restlessness or irritability

drowsiness or loss of consciousness

kidney is protected by

lower ribs

hematuria

blood in peeb

blood in vomit

looks like coffee grounds

kidney stones first signs

pain in left or right abdomen, feels like period cramps

can mimic S&S of appendicitis, if in lower right quadranta

appendicitis is more common in which gender

males3

3 outwards symptoms of appendicitis

fever

lower ab tenderness

naseau

vomiting

is testicular contusion a medical emergency

yes

female athlete triad

1. osteoporosis

2. disordered eating

3. amenorrhea

commotio cordis

cardiac concussion,

getting hit in the heart by projectile, stops electrical circuit, AED is keyh

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

enlargement of heart muscles without an increase in the size of heart’s chambers

myocardial infarction

heart attackho

how to increase survival rate with myocardia infarction

1. aspirin

2. AED/CPR

   1. getting to hospital / ER

degenerative disk/jt disease caused by

1. aging

   1. collapse of disk occurs first, osteophytes develop and ultimately leads to pressure on spinal cord

brachial plexus trauma MOIs

stretching vs compression

thoracic outlet syndrome

group of conditions caused by compression of nerves or blood vessels in the area between the neck and shoulder

what is in the neurovascular bundle

brachia plexus (nerve)3 t

subclavian artery

subclavian vein

3 types of thoracic outlet syndrome

• vascular (arterial / veinous) - least common

• neurogenic (born that way)

• non-specific

causes of TOS

1. presence of extra cervicular rib

2. compression of NVM between clavicle + first rib

3. compression between pec minor + ribcage

4. tightness of anterior/middle scalene (molly’s fav muscles) muscles