Biomed I: Infectious Diseases Quiz

pathogens

cause disease

vectors

carriers of pathogens (ex: animals like mosquitos)

few pathogens can enter through the skin if

the skin barrier is intact

capsule

used to disguise cell from immune system

pilli

help cell stick to surfaces

sterile

free from bacteria

genome

where genes of a virus are located

capsid

protein cover that protects genome

skin epithelium

a physical barrier that has several layers of protection

defensins

chemicals that keep pathogens in check

mucus

epithelium of the nose,gut and respriatory tract

intestinal epithelium

line the intestines, one layer and prevents microbes from entering

envelope

lipid-protein coat that covers capsid

commensal bacteria

friendly bacteria

complement

chemicals produced by the liver that kill pathogens

B cells

produce antibodies

T cells

attack infected host cells, recognize camouflaged pathogens

phagocyte

eat microbes and use receptors on cell surface to identify them

strain

genetic variants of the same organism or species

mucosal membrane

membranes that line body cavities that are exposed to the external environment

route of transmission

path that microbe takes to travel from host to host

disease

overall impairment of health

infective dose

amount of pathogens needed to infect host

infectiousness

a pathogen's ability to survive, enter, and reproduce in the host

spanish flu

huge pandemic in 1918

pandemic

world wide disease

infectious disease

disease caused by microbial agents

flagella

how the cell moves, can change proteins so it's not detected by immune system

spore

helps microbe stay alive if it has unbeneficial conditions

gram positive cell wall

protects cell by using layers of muiren, also protects bacteria from different climates

stomach acid

1.5-3.5 acidity, limits pathogens ability to infect host

tears

contain enzymes that break down bacteria and keep cornea hydrated

3 layers of the skin

epidermis,dermis,hypodermis

vitamin D

only vitamin your body can produce on its own, skin synthesizes it

corpuscles

sensory receptors on the skin

eccrine sweat glands

more abundant glands, found in palms, forehead and soles of your feet

apocrine sweat glands

less abundant glands, work around puberty, found in your armpits and groin

sebaceous glands

oil glands found everywhere but in thick skin

adipose tissue

layer of fat mostly present in the hypodermis insulating and cushioning the skin

jaundice

a yellowing of the skin signaling liver problems

Antonine Plague

165 AD, smallpox or measles, epidemic took place in Rome

Bubonic Plague

14th century epidemic that killed 30-60% of European population

antibodies

proteins that recognize different pathogens and mark them for destruction