Social Perception and Managing Diversity

Flashcards covering concepts of social perception, implicit cognition, stereotypes, diversity (surface and deep level), DEI, managing diversity, discrimination, and trends in workforce diversity including the glass ceiling and pay gaps.

___ is a cognitive process that allows us to interpret and understand our surroundings.

Perception

Perception is based on the characteristics of the perceiver, the target, and the __.

situation

Characteristics of the target in person perception include direction of gaze, facial and body shape characteristics, nonverbal cues, and __.

appearance or dress

Any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness are known as __.

Implicit cognition

To reduce bias during hiring, managers can use training, structured interviews, and multiple __.

interviewers

An individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics or attributes of a group is called a __.

stereotype

The four steps in how stereotypes are formed and maintained are Categorization, __ , Expectations, and Maintenance.

Inferences

To manage stereotypes, organizations should educate people, create opportunities for employees to meet and work with people who are __ from them, and encourage awareness.

different

The multitude of individual and similarities that exist among people is known as __.

diversity

Personal characteristics that are easily perceived by others are defined as __.

Surface Level Diversity

Personal characteristics that are not readily apparent at first glance and take time to emerge are considered __.

Deep Level Diversity

The 'E' in DEI stands for __.

Equity

The 'I' in DEI stands for __.

Inclusion

Supporting, nurturing, and utilizing differences to an organization's advantage describes __.

managing diversity

The __ perspective suggests that having diverse employees gives organizations access to more diverse markets and greater legitimacy in those markets.

access-and-legitimacy

___ occurs when employment decisions are made using individual characteristics or attributes that are not related to the job.

Discrimination

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects employees from discrimination based on race, sex, religion, color, or __.

national origin

The figurative barrier that stalls minority groups from reaching high-level leadership positions is known as the __.

glass ceiling

In 2017, 42% of women surveyed reported experiencing gender discrimination, compared to __ of men.

22%

As of 2025, only 8 (1.6%) Fortune 500 companies had a __ CEO.

Black

One study found that racial and ethnic minorities have to complete __ more job applications on average to get invited for a job interview compared with White candidates.

50%

According to the US Department of Labor data, Black workers earn approximately __ per dollar earned by White workers.

$0.76