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Flexor carpi radialis
- Actions
o Flex and radially deviate the wrist
o May assist to flex the elbow
- Origin
o Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
- Insertion
o Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
- Nerve Innervation
o Median C6 to C8
Palmaris longus
- Actions
o Tense the palmar fascia
o Flex the wrist
o May assist to flex the elbow
- Origin
o Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
- Insertion
o Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
- Nerve Innervation
o Median C6 to C8, T1
Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Actions
o Flex and ulnarly deviate the wrist
o Assist to flex the elbow
- Origin
o Humeral head: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
o Ulnar head: posterior surface of proximal two-thirds of ulna
- Insertion
o Pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal
- Nerve Innervation
o Ulnar C7 and C8, T1
Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Actions
o Flex the 2nd through 5th fingers
o Flex the wrist
- Origin
o Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna, interosseous membrane, and proximal shaft radius
- Insertion
o Side of middle phalanges of 2nd through 5th fingers
- Nerve Innervation
o Median C7 and C8, T1
Flexor digitorum profundus
- Actions
o Flex the 2nd through 5th fingers
o Assist to flex the wrist
- Origin
o Anterior and medial surfaces of proximal three-quarters of ulna
- Insertion
o Bases of distal phalanges, volar surface of 2nd through 5th fingers
- Nerve Innervation
o 2nd and 3rd fingers: median C7 and C8, T1
o 4th and 5th fingers: ulnar C7 and C8, T1
Flexor pollicis longus
- Actions
o Flex the thumb
o Assist to flex the wrist
- Origin
o Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
- Insertion
o Base of distal phalanx of thumb
- Nerve Innervation
o Median C6 to C8, T1
Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Actions
o Extend the wrist
o Radially deviate the wrist
o Assist to flex the elbow
- Origin
o Distal one-third of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
- Insertion
o Base of 2nd metacarpal
- Nerve Innervation
o Radial C5 to C8
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Actions
o Extend the wrist
o Radially deviate the wrist
o Assist to flex the elbow
- Origin
o Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Insertion
o Base of 3rd metacarpal
- Nerve Innervation
o Radial C6 to C8
Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Actions
o Extend the wrist
o Ulnarly deviate the wrist
- Origin
o Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Insertion
o Base of 5th metacarpal
- Nerve Innervation
o Radial C6 to C8
Extensor digitorum
- Actions
o Extend the 2nd through 5th fingers (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints)
o Assist to extend the wrist (radiocarpal joint)
- Origin
o Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Insertion
o Bases of middle and distal phalanges of 2nd through 5th fingers
- Nerve Innervation
o Radial C6 to C8
Extensor indicis
- Actions
o Extend the 2nd finger
o Adduct the second finger
o May assist to extend the wrist
- Origin
o Posterior surface of distal shaft of ulna and interosseous membrane
- Insertion
o Tendon of the extensor digitorum at the level of 2nd metacarpal
- Nerve Innervation
o Radial to C6 to C8
Abductor pollicis longus
- Actions
o Radially abduct the thumb
- Origin
o Posterior surface of the radius and ulna, and interosseous membrane
- Insertion
o Base of 1st metacarpal
- Nerve Innervation
o Radial C6 to C8
Extensor pollicis longus
- Actions
o Extend the thumb
- Origin
o Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
- Insertion
o Base of distal phalanx of thumb
- Nerve Innervation
o Radial C6 to C8
Extensor pollicis brevis
- Actions
o Extend the thumb
o Radially deviate the wrist
- Origin
o Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
- Insertion
o Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
- Nerve Innervation
o Radial C6 to C8
Abductor pollicis brevis
o Actions
§ Abduct the thumb
§ Assist in opposition of the thumb
o Origin
§ Flexor retinaculum, trapezium, and scaphoid tubercles
o Insertion
§ Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
o Nerve Innervation
§ Median C6 to C8, T1
Flexor pollicis brevis
o Actions
§ Flex the thumb
§ Assist in opposition of the thumb
o Origin
§ Superficial head: flexor retinaculum
§ Deep head: trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate
o Insertion
§ Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
o Nerve Innervation
§ Superficial head: median C6 to C8, T1
§ Deep head: ulnar C8 and T1
Opponens pollicis
o Actions
§ Opposition of thumb at the carpometacarpal joint (bringing the pads of the thumb and 5th finger together)
o Origin
§ Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of the trapezium
o Insertion
§ Entire length of 1st metacarpal bone, radial surface
o Nerve Innervation
§ Median C6 to C8, T1
Abductor digiti minimi
o Actions
§ Abduct the 5th finger
§ Assist in opposition of the 5th finger toward the thumb
o Origin
§ Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
o Insertion
§ Base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, ulnar surface
o Nerve Innervation
§ Ulnar C7 and C8, T1
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
o Actions
§ Flex the 5th finger (metacarpophalangeal joint)
§ Assist in opposition of the 5th finger toward the thumb
o Origin
§ Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
o Insertion
§ Base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, volar surface
o Nerve Innervation
§ Ulnar C7 and C8, T1
Opponens digiti minimi
o Actions
§ Opposition of the 5th finger at the carpometacarpal joint
o Origin
§ Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
o Insertion
§ Shaft of 5th metacarpal, ulnar surface
o Nerve Innervation
§ Ulnar C7 and C8, T1
Palmar interossei
o Actions
§ Adduct the thumb, 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers toward the 3rd finger
§ Assist to flex the thumb, 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints
§ Assist to extend the thumb, 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers at the interphalangeal joints
o Origin
§ Base of 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals
o Insertion
§ Base of the proximal phalanx of the related finger and the extensor aponeurosis
o Nerve Innervation
§ Ulnar C8 and T1
Dorsal interossei
o Actions
§ Abduct the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints
§ Assist to flex the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints
§ Assist to extend the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers at the interphalangeal joints
o Origin
§ Adjacent sides of all metacarpals
o Insertion
§ Base of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers and the extensor aponeurosis
o Nerve Innervation
§ Ulnar C8 and T1
Adductor pollicis
o Actions
§ Adduct the thumb (carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints)
§ Assist to flex the thumb (metacarpophalangeal joint)
o Origin
§ Capitate, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
o Insertion
§ Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
o Nerve Innervation
Ulnar C8 and T1
Lumbricals of the hand
o Actions
§ Extend the 2nd through 5th fingers at the interphalangeal joints
§ Flex the 2nd through 5th fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints
o Origin
§ Surfaces of the flexor digitorum profundus tendons
o Insertion
§ Extensor aponeurosis on dorsal surface of phalanges
o Nerve Innervation
§ 2nd and 3rd fingers: median C6 to C8, T1
§ 4th and 5th fingers: ulnar C7 and C8, T1
Extensor digiti minimi
- Actions
o Extend the 2nd finger (metacarpophalangeal joint)
o Adduct the 2nd finger
o May assist to extend the wrist (radiocarpal joint)
- Origin
o Posterior surface of distal shaft of ulna and interosseous membrane
- Insertion
o Tendon of the extensor digitorum at the level of the 2nd metacarpal
- Nerve Innervation
o Radial C6 to C8
