AP Psychology Unit 12: Statsistics and Psychiatry

DSM-5-TR

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision

DSM-1 publication date

1952

DSM-1 clinically diagnosable disorders

106

DSM-5 publication date

2013 (text revision: 2023)

DSM-5 clinically diagnosable disorders

297

What other clinical manual is the DSM typically used in association with?

DSM General Criteria for Clinical Diagnosis

1.) symptoms of the condition increase & become more severe

2.) condition affects one's ability to maintain relationships

3.) interferes with one's quality of life (inability to maintain employment, residency, etc)

4.) poses immediate/potential threat to the physical safety of them or others

psychological perspectives

biological, behavioral, cognitive, evolutionary, humanistic, psychodynamic, sociocultural

biological

brain anatomy, injury, disease

- genetics: predispositions, mutations

neurological defects

bioelectrical irregularities

biochemical imbalances

amount of production accelerated rate of consumption misdirected distribution

behavioral

- reactions to social factors & circumstances

- behaviors learn from one's environment

cognitive

- persistent illogical/irrational thought patterns

humanistic

*(aware of) restriction of fulfillment of psychological needs, personal growth

psychodynamic

result of unresolved subconscious conflicts (from childhood)

- unconscious responses to stress & trauma

psychiatry

a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders

pathological

mental impairments and disorders linked to biological abnormalities stemming from a disease, injury, biochemistry/genetics

idiopathic

any condition of physical or mental health that cannot be explained biologically or medically = disorders of unknown causes

psychosomatic

medical/physical symptoms caused or exacerbated psychological factors

comorbidity

the simultaneous existence of two or more conditions within the same person

ambivalence

the coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings

congenital

a condition that is present at birth

predisposition

biological, genetic, vulnerability, for developing an abnormality

maladaptive

abnormalities with inappropriate time adjustment & responses to stress & social situations

dysfunctional

unhealthy behaviors & cognitive patterns that are considered wrong, inappropriate, and/or socially unacceptable

dysfunctional example

laughing at a funeral

anergia

lack of energy

avolition

lack of motivation

anhedonia

having a general loss of interest in/withdrawal from activities that were once enjoyable

mania (manic episodes)

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

delusions

false beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness

hallucinations

severe alterations/sensory misperceptions of reality

catatonia

behaviors marked with erratic muscular movements & body contortions

cataplexy

sudden loss of muscle control

stupor

a state of altered consciousness in which an individual does not react to their surroundings or show cognitive awareness

insanity

a legal term describing one's inability to be responsible for one's action due to the condition of the mind

insanity then

not guilty by reason of insanity

insanity now

guilty but legally insane