Neuroscience: Brain Structure and Functions

Action Potential

Neuron becomes less negative, can fire.

Resting Potential

Initial charge of neuron at -70 mV.

Myelin Sheath

Speeds up charge distribution in neurons.

Terminal Buttons

Release neurotransmitters to nervous system.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain and spinal cord; controls body functions.

Hindbrain

Controls vital bodily functions; autonomic processes.

Brain Stem

Regulates breathing, heart rate, digestion.

Medulla

Regulates commands for survival functions.

Pons

Coordinates information flow between neurons.

Reticular Formation

Regulates alertness and circadian rhythms.

Cerebellum

Coordinates movement automatically; motor control.

Forebrain

Involved in planning and executing movements.

Thalamus

Sensory relay station to cerebral cortex.

Hypothalamus

Regulates circadian rhythms and hormones.

Pituitary Gland

Releases hormones; communicates with hypothalamus.

Four Fs

Feeding, Fighting, Flight/Fawn, Fornication behaviors.

Cerebral Cortex

Processes sensory information; higher brain functions.

Axon

Part of neuron where charge changes occur.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers released at terminal buttons.