Chapter 14: Human Heredity

Genome

The entire set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA

male

A(n) with an extra X chromosome has Klinefelters syndrome.

Typhoid

is caused by a bacterium that enters the body through cells in the digestive system; the protein made by the CF allele helps block this bacterium from entering the cells.

Genotype

and phenotype are directly connected since changes in a genes DNA sequence can change proteins.

Females

have two copies of the X chromosome and males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.

circle

A(n) or square that is not shaded indicates that a person does not express the trait.

Bioinformatics

also began a similar field of study known as genomics- the study of whole genomes including genes and their functions.

Cystic Fibrosis

is usually caused by the deletion of three bases in the DNA of a single gene, causing the body not to make normal CFTR (a protein needed to transport chloride ions)

Female cells

adjust to having two X chromosomes by randomly inactivating genes on one of them.

Pedigree

A chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations

X chromosome

A cell only needs one to function normally.

human genome

Two of the 46 chromosomes in the are known as sex chromosomes because they determine an individuals sex.

inactive chromosome

The makes a dense area in the nucleus called a Barr body.

Human Genome Project

The was completed in 2003.

karyotype

A(n) shows the complete diploid set of chromosomes.

X chromosome

A female who inherits only one usually has Turners syndrome.

The Human Genome Project had two main goals

to sequence all 3 billion base pairs of human DNA and to identify all human genes

Karyotype

A photograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order

Sex chromosomes

One of two chromosomes that determines an individual’s sex

Sex-linked gene

A gene located on a sex chromosome

Nondisjunction

An error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly

Restriction enzyme

An enzyme that cuts DNA at a sequence of nucleotides

Gel electrophoresis

A procedure used to analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel

Bioinformatics

The application of mathematics and computer science to store, retrieve, and analyze biological data

Genomics

The study of whole genomes, including genes and their functions