Body Systems Semester 1 Final

anterior

towards the front

posterior

towards the back

inferior

below another body part

superior

above another body part

proximal

close to attachment point

distal

far from attachment point

medial

towards the midline

lateral

towards the sides from the midline

cephalic

anything related to the head

caudel

anything towards the tail/ behind & away from the head

superficial

towards the surface

deep

towards the inside

Two major cavity divisions

Anterior & Posterior Cavities

Anterior Cavity

Thoracic & Abdominopelvic Cavities

Posterior Cavity

Cranial & Spinal Cavities

Thoracic Cavity

Mediastinum, Pericardial, and Pleural Cavities

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Pelvic & Abdominal Cavities

How is epithelial tissue classified

number of layers & shapes

How is connective tissue classified

Smooth Muscle movement type

involuntary

Smooth Muscle Location

walls of tubular organs & blood vessels

Smooth Muscle Cell Appearance

cells are non-striated, short, and spindle-shaped uninucleates

Skeletal Muscle movement type

voluntary

Skeletal Muscle Location

Attached to skeleton

Skeletal Muscle Appearance

cells are striated, long, cylindrical, and multi-nucleated

Cardiac Muscle Movement Type

Involuntary contraction

Cardiac Muscle Location

Heart Walls

Cardiac Muscle Appearance

cells are striated, short, branched, cylindrical, and uninucleated.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that holds your body together

Epithelial Tissue

The covering on al internal & external surfaced of the body, they help w/ protection, secretion, and absorption.

Muscle Tissue

Help w/ movement

Nervous Tissue

sends signals between the brain & all the other parts of the body

Loose Fibrous Areolar Connective Tissue Location

Muscle & Matrix

Loose Fibrous Areolar Connective Tissue Function

wraps & binds muscles to each other & skin

Loose Fibrous Adipose Connective Tissue Location

Beneath the skin

Loose Fibrous Adipose Connective Tissue Function

stores fat

Loose Fibrous Areolar Connective Tissue

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Loose Fibrous Adipose Connective

Dense Regular Connective

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue location

Dermis

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Function

Binds & resists tension

Dense Regular Connective Tissue Location

Tendons & Ligaments

Dense Regular Connective Function

Binds tendons & ligaments

Plasma Membrane

a semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer w/ embedded proteins

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Appearance

smooth surface w/ no ribosomes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Involved with the production & metabolism of lipids

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

associated w/ protein synthesis, modifications & delivery

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Appearance

surface is dotted w/ ribosomes w/ a rough look

Mitochondria

generates energy, ATP, stores calcium, cell-signaling activities, regulates metabolism, and undergoes apoptosis

Ribosomes

an intercellular structure made of RNA & protein, and is the site of protein synthesis

Langerhans Cells

white blood cells that ingest microbes, essential components of the skins immunologic barrier & serve as a first line of defense

Skin cancer that doesn’t spread

basal cell carcinoma

osteoblasts

bone-building cells that form & secrete collagen & deposit minerals into the bone matrix

osteoclasts

bone-destroying cells that break down bone matrix & releases its calcium

Intramembranous Ossification

occurs as bone is formed between 2 sheets of fibrous connective tissue, responsible for flat bones

Endochondral Ossification

occurs as hyaline cartilage is replaced by bones