Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

carbonic anhydrase

the enzyme _______ is a catalyst for the formation of sodium bicarbonate, which is stored as the alkaline reserve in the renal tubule, and for the excretion of hydrogen, which results in a slightly acidic urine

hydrogen ions

Diuretics that block the effects of carbonic anhydrase slow down the movement of ________

glaucoma

CAIs are mostly used to treat _____ because the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase results in decreased secretion of aqueous humor

open-angle glaucoma

type of glaucoma treated using CAIs

Diamox

generic name: acetazolamide

sodium, potassium, bicarbonate

CAIs cause increased ____, _____, and _______ excretion

metabolic acidosis

prolonged use of CAIs can cause ____________

angle-closure

CAIs are contraindicated in ________ glaucoma

aqueous humor

the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase causes decreased secretion of ______, hence it is used to treat glaucoma

first trimester

CAIs are contraindicated during the ________ of pregnancy because of its teratogenicity

salicylates, lithium

DRUG INTERACTIONS: CAIs cause increased excretion of _______ and ______ if combined with them

lithium

NURSING CONSIDERATION: Monitor serum _____ levels when taking CAIs

COPD

cautious use is recommended when CAIs are given to patients with ____ because it could be exacerbated by the fluid and electrolyte changes caused by the drug